Alexander A. Tikhomirov
Intracanopy Lighting in Phytocenoses and Photobiological Efficiency of Radiation in Photoculture Conditions

Valeria B. Golovkina and Valeria R. Ryazanova
Design Concept for Lighting Phytosystems for Public Spaces

Svetlana A. Ovchukova, Nadezhda P. Kondratieva, and Olga Y. Kovalenko
Energy Saving in Lighting Technologies of Agricultural Production

Alexander L. Wasserman and Anton Yu. Scopin
Dual-Function Germicidal Recirculators for Air Disinfection and Erythema Irradiation or Room Lighting

Sergei Yu. Pleshkov, Gennaro Bracale, and Alexander L. Kuznetsov
Study of the Acoustic Properties of Lighting Systems Based on Hollow Mirrored Tubular Light Guides

Suddhasatwa Chakraborty, Debtanu Ray and Saswati Mazumdar
Introduction of a New Lighting Class for Motorized Roads in Indian Scenario

Alexander A. Tikhomirov
Intracanopy Lighting in Phytocenoses and Photobiological Efficiency of Radiation in Photoculture Conditions

Valeria B. Golovkina and Valeria R. Ryazanova
Design Concept for Lighting Phytosystems for Public Spaces

Svetlana A. Ovchukova, Nadezhda P. Kondratieva, and Olga Y. Kovalenko
Energy Saving in Lighting Technologies of Agricultural Production

Alexander L. Wasserman and Anton Yu. Scopin
Dual-Function Germicidal Recirculators for Air Disinfection and Erythema Irradiation or Room Lighting

Sergei Yu. Pleshkov, Gennaro Bracale, and Alexander L. Kuznetsov
Study of the Acoustic Properties of Lighting Systems Based on Hollow Mirrored Tubular Light Guides

Suddhasatwa Chakraborty, Debtanu Ray and Saswati Mazumdar
Introduction of a New Lighting Class for Motorized Roads in Indian Scenario

The review is devoted to the study of the internal radiation regime in the canopies cultivated under controlled environmental conditions. The expediency of using canopies as an object of research for evaluating the photobiological efficiency of radiation in light culture conditions is justified. The appropriateness of light measurements in multi-tiered canopies is shown, taking into account the role of leaves of different tiers in the formation of an economically useful crop. The main requirements for light devices for their use in measuring artificial radiation in light culture conditions are considered, and a brief analysis of the existing instrument base for performing these studies is given. A number of examples show the complexity and ambiguity of the internal structure of the light field that is forming within canopies in light culture conditions. Conceptual approaches to the choice of spectral and energy characteristics of artificial irradiation for plant light culture are proposed and justified. The necessity of taking into account the light conditions of leaves of different tiers when choosing the spectral and energy characteristics of light sources for the cultivation of multi-tiered canopies is justified. Techniques, methods, and light sources used for additional intracanopy lighting are analysed. The efficiency of using side illumination of plant canopies and conditions for its implementation are considered. The advantages of the volume distribution of canopies on the most common multi-tiered lighting installations are discussed. Based on the presented material, we consider ways to improve methodological approaches for evaluating the photobiological effectiveness of artificial radiation in light culture conditions for canopies of cultivated plants, taking into account the features of their architectonics and internal radiation regime.

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The requirement of good lighting in road is an essential criterion. But the global energy crunch forces the optimization of energy consumption in road lighting design. The optimization of road lighting design starts with the determination of exact lighting class of the concerned road. The lighting class of different road depends upon few parameters related to traffic, road and its ambient condition. Most of the Indian roads are mixed and highly motorized in nature. In this paper, a new methodology for lighting classification of motorized Indian roads has been proposed. This proposed model has been developed based upon statistical analysis of traffic related parameters in Indian context. This model has also been validated in some real road context. Furthermore, this paper also demonstrates an approach for designing the lighting installation of a motorized road by maintaining the recommended lighting condition corresponds to the lighting class. This finally leads to an energy efficient design.

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The goal of this research was to study and optimize multi-temporal RGB images obtained by a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). A digital camera onboard the UAV allows obtaining data with a high temporal and spatial resolution of ground objects. In the case considered by us, the object of study is agricultural fields, for which, based on numerous images covering the agricultural field, image mosaics (orthomosaics) are constructed. The acquisition time for each orthomosaic takes at least several hours, which imposes a change in the illuminance of each image, when considered separately. Orthomosaics obtained in different periods of the year (several months) will also differ from each other in terms of illuminance. For a comparative analysis of different parts of the field (orthomosaic), obtained in the same time interval or comparison of areas for different periods of time, their alignment by illumination is required. Currently, the majority of alignment approaches rely rather on colour (RGB) methods, which cannot guarantee finding efficient solutions, especially when it is necessary to obtain a quantitative result. In the paper, a new method is proposed that takes into account the change in illuminance during the acquisition of each image. The general formulation of the problem of light correction of RGB images in terms of assessing the colour vegetation index Greenness is considered. The results of processing real measurements are presented.

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A generalized model for high intensity discharge (HID) lamp is developed based on the Francis-Damelincourt dynamic conductance model of electric discharge by replacing the model constants A, B, C, D with four experimentally determined coefficient functions of rated lamp power and root mean square supply voltage. Experimental validation of this model is done, which shows a maximum deviation of about 5 %. Moreover, sensitivity analysis for the model coefficients is also performed, results of which conform to the physical behaviour of high pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH) lamps. This model is capable to simulate electrical characteristics of HPS and MH lamps of wide range of commercially available rated power (70–400) W fed by a wide range of supply voltage (180–250) V, 50 Hz. As a prospective application, the model is applied to design dimmable low frequency square wave electronic ballast for HID lamps. A design algorithm is proposed for this purpose. Performance analysis of the designed ballast is conducted in Matlab-Simulink environment, which shows fairly good performance of the circuit in terms of dimming accuracy (maximum deviation 2.64 %), lamp power factor (≥ 0.993), and lamp current crest factor (equal to 1.0). The model can also be utilized for designing electronic ballasts of other topologies.

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As high-efficiency lighting has become mainstream, conversion of lighting equipment is under way, starting with government agencies. Existing fluorescent luminaires are being converted with LED luminaires. The main method used for conversion is to remove the fluorescent lamp (case 1) and replace it to a tubular LED lamp, and convert the luminaire itself with a LED panel luminaire (case 2). However, focusing only on energy efficiency, the existing luminous environment are not considered, such as illuminance, illuminance uniformity, and UGR. Therefore, the optical characteristics were measured using the actual luminaire used in the conversion. Simulations were performed comparing the luminous environment and power consumption before/after conversion. Case 1 had advantages in power consumption and UGR over case 2, and the illuminance was slightly reduced, but it met the criteria. These results confirmed that the conversion of lighting devices at least ensured the existing luminous environment.

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An analysis of the influence caused by polarization nephelometer parameters on the scattering matrix measurement accuracy in a non-isotropic medium is presented. The approximation errors in the actual scattering volume and radiation beam by an elementary scattering volume and an elementary radiation beam are considered. A formula for calculating the nephelometer base is proposed. It is shown that requirements to an irradiation source of a polarizing nephelometer, i.e. mono-chromaticity and high radiation intensity and directivity in a wide spectral range can be satisfied by a set of high brightness LEDs with a radiating (self-luminous) small size body. A 5-wavelength monochromatic irradiation source, with an emission flux of (0.15–0.6) W required for a polarization nephelometer, is described. The design of small-sized polarizing phase control units is shown.
An electronic circuit of a radiator control unit based on an AVR-Atmega 8-bit microcontroller with feedback and drive control realized by means of an incremental angular motion sensor and a software PID controller is presented. Precise and smooth motion of the radiator is ensured by standard servo-driven numerical control mathematics and the use of precision gears. The system allows both autonomous adjustment of the radiator’s reference positions and adjustment by means of commands from a personal computer. Both the computer and microcontroller programs were developed with the use of free software, making it possible to transfer the programs to Windows‑7(10), Linux and embedded Linux operating systems. Communication between the radiator’s position control system and the personal computer is realised by means of a standard noise immune USB-RS485 interface.

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LED luminaires need a driver circuit for working properly. Most of the drivers have disadvantages such as losses during operation. This issue becomes more important while supplying with limited sources such as renewables. To overcome the problem, this study proposes a novel energy efficient driver for LED luminaires based on zero voltage switching (ZVS) single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) technology. Driver and hence luminaires were designed to be fed from photovoltaic (PV) panels. In addition, an adaptive MPPT algorithm was developed to obtain optimum efficiency from supply system. SEPIC approach was preferred for MPPT application due to its advantages such as non-reversing polarity. This feature allows energy efficiency in corporation with ZVS. Proposed model was designed under PSIM platform with all components; PV panels, ZVS, SEPIC, and LED luminaires. A detailed analysis was performed by using system graphs under various operating conditions as different irradiance levels. Results show that proposed model is energy efficient and modular because of its low-volume structure. Therefore the model can lead smaller driver circuits with minimum losses.

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