Tadej Glazar, Marjeta Zupancic Meglic, Samo Kralj, and Robert Peternelj
Senior Living - Lighting, Circadian Rhythm and Dementia I

Gasper Coz
Senior Living - Lighting, Circadian Rhythm and Dementia II

Banu Manav
Luminous Environment and the Perceived Environment

Cenk Yavuz, Ceyda Aksoy Tirmikci, and Burcu Carkli Yavuz
Research into the Effect of Photometric Flicker Event on the Perception of Office Workers

Helena Yu. Lekus
Public Space Humanization in a Night City

Alexander V. Karev and Dmitry S. Lyoskin
Operating Control of Photobiological Safety of LED Luminaires

Leonid B. Prikupets, George V. Boos, Vladislav G. Terekhov, and Ivan G. Tarakanov
Optimisation of Lighting Parameters of Irradiation in Light Culture of Lettuce Plants Using LED Emitters

Tadej Glazar, Marjeta Zupancic Meglic, Samo Kralj, and Robert Peternelj
Senior Living - Lighting, Circadian Rhythm and Dementia I

Gasper Coz
Senior Living - Lighting, Circadian Rhythm and Dementia II

Banu Manav
Luminous Environment and the Perceived Environment

Cenk Yavuz, Ceyda Aksoy Tirmikci, and Burcu Carkli Yavuz
Research into the Effect of Photometric Flicker Event on the Perception of Office Workers

Helena Yu. Lekus
Public Space Humanization in a Night City

Alexander V. Karev and Dmitry S. Lyoskin
Operating Control of Photobiological Safety of LED Luminaires

Leonid B. Prikupets, George V. Boos, Vladislav G. Terekhov, and Ivan G. Tarakanov
Optimisation of Lighting Parameters of Irradiation in Light Culture of Lettuce Plants Using LED Emitters

The Real Estate Fund of Pension and Disability Insurance (Nepremicninski Sklad) in Slovenia, founded in1997 is the owner of 3255 properties in 116 locations throughout the country and is intended for solving housing issues of pensioners of 65 years or older and other elderly persons who are allowed independently to live. The lease contracts are concluded for an indefinite period of time. The aim and vision of the Fund is to improve the quality of life for the elderly tenants by adapting the living environment, the flats and surroundings according to the physical needs of aging tenants. Homes for seniors often have low light levels and poor light spectrum caused by fluorescent or incandescent lighting. Demographic changes in most European countries show rising average life expectancy which means that the number of people with weak visual capacity or visual impairment is increasing. Equally the risks of injuries due to poor lighting conditions are increasing, e.g. missing a step resulting in a hip joint fracture. Better lighting conditions are of critical importance for aging population, as stated also in the recently published CIE227:2017. To facilitate safe environment for the elderly, the Fund in 2013 initiated a lighting research study that should provide facts and evidence for a lighting standard for their own premises.

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Photobiological safety has become an integral part of safety requirements to general use luminaires including during certification. In that context, the necessity to control this parameter in the course of designing and manufacturing of lighting devices (luminaires) as well as sales of imported devices in the Russian market has increased dramatically. In the meantime, experimental assessment of this indicator in accordance with requirements of IEC62471Р¦2013 standard is rather hard requiring application of special equipment and certified personnel. This circumstance makes operating control of photobiological safety by manufacturers almost impossible.
The foreign practice of application photobiological safety-related standards confirms this problem. In 2014, International Electrotechnical Commission has published a handbook for application of the standard provisions, which significantly simplifies the procedure of such assessments: IEC/ TR62778:2014.
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The results of the ending phase of photo biological studies of capacity of lettuce and basil grown in conditions of a phytotron with irradiation by radiation of different ratio of fractions in the red-blue and blue-green-red regions of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are presented.
The spectral variants of PAR providing the maximum or near to maximum capacity of the specified cultures are found.
The complex and multiple-valued nature of effect of main PAR spectral regions on photo energetic and photo regulatory processes in plants providing their capacity is highlighted, which makes it impossible to determine common unified requirements to optimal parameters of artificial irradiation for growing of plants. These requirements shall be defined on the basis of direct photo biological experiments with main species of agricultural plants and be the most important element of the general photo culture macro technology.
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The main source of daylight is the Sun. The EarthТs atmosphere scatters its light due to the air, water vapour, ice particles (at high altitudes), dust, various gases, and other contaminants that appear in the air as a result of human activities. This forms a daylight diffuse (scattered) component, which is a data basis for calculation of daylight in buildings. This basis has its own features for a given region.
This article shows a calculation of sun-lighting efficiency in Vietnam. We obtained a variation of horizontal daylight illuminance in Hanoi (21.03∞N). Comparing it with the variation of horizontal daylight illuminance in Moscow (55.70∞N), we can see a high level and a distribution uniformity of outdoor illuminance in Vietnam. The maximum levels of diffuse illuminance and total illuminance in Hanoi are 45.2 and 58.52 klx; the maximum levels of diffuse illuminance and total illuminance in Moscow are 28.3 and 53.1 klx. Besides, illuminance levels in winter months are much higher for Hanoi than for Moscow. This can be explained by different latitudes of these cities and by the Sun motion.

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The work shows the results of the literature review of the methods for obtaining aluminiumsilicon carbide - metal matrix composites (Al/ SiC MMCs). This work also includes the collection, analysis, and systemization of the literature data where textual information is presented as a single lexical and semantic system and where numeral information is presented as a dimensional system. The analysis of the literature data was conducted by visual and cognitive modelling, so that methods of forming Al/SiC MMCs and operating parameters that provide the best properties of the material (maximum level of thermal conductivity and minimum level of thermal linear expansion) are determined. Compared to the literature data, the data are presented that were received in a series of tests for obtaining Al/SiC MMCs with spark plasma sintering from SiC, which was synthesized in atmospheric electric arc plasma. Within the framework of the given subject, the authors do not know any analogues of such an analysis and visualization system that allows us to analyse multivariate data, which is essential for solving issues of finding a correlation for the variety of initial parameters that characterize the process of obtaining Al/SiC MMCs and that characterize the cluster of properties for the obtained material. The comparison data are given for thermal conductivity levels of modern (aluminium) LED light devices and Al/SiC MMC samples.

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The article describes the estimation of measurement error of seawater beam attenuation coefficient using the Monte Carlo method. Measurements of the beam attenuation coefficient and its vertical distribution are the most common type of hydro-optical investigations since it is widely used for the research of light distribution in sea medium. Moreover, the beam attenuation coefficient is closely related to the concentration of the suspended substance and may be used for its estimation. Usually, the measurements of beam attenuation coefficient are conducted with small instrument base in rather transparent waters. In this case, the method errors of the beam attenuation coefficient measurement are low. However, in practice, cases of very turbid waters (near-bottom nepheloid layers), where measurement errors of beam attenuation coefficient significantly increase due to multiple scattering within the instrument base, are often encountered. The estimation of such errors is reviewed in this work. The effect of scattering phase function on the considered errors is described to the greatest extent. Moreover, the effect of the instrument base length and angle of view of the receiving system on measurement errors of beam attenuation coefficient is studied. Corresponding estimations are provided.

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1. Shybanov E.B., Burton J.F., Lee M.E., Zibordi G. Hypothesis of the Spatial Adjustment of Optical Inhomogeneities of Water and Its Confirmation through Experiments on Measurements of Light Scattering // JETP Letters. 2010, Vol. 92, # 10, pp. 671Ц675.
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3. Kopelevich O.V. Maloparametricheskaia model opticheskikh svoistv morskoi vody / Optika okeana. “. 1. Fizicheskaia optika okeana// Editor-in-Chief A.S. Monin, Moscow: Nauka, 1983, pp. 208Ц234.
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5. Lee M.E., Martynov O.V., Shybanov E.B. Some Results of Measurements of Scattering Indicatrix within the Wide Angular Range in Artificial Media and Natural Waters// Environmental Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Application of Shelf Resources. Edited by V.A. Ivanov. Sevastopol: MGI NANU, 2003, 12p.
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1. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 927 dated on September 19, 2017 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education for Bachelor’s Programme with Profile 11.03.04 Electronics and Nanoelectronics.”
2. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 959 dated on September 22, 2017 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education for Master’s Programme with Profile 11.04.04 Electronics and Nanoelectronics.”
3. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 743 dated on December 21, 2009 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Professional Education in specialty Electronics and Nanoelectronics (the bachelor’s degree).”
4. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 31 dated on January 14, 2010 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Professional Education in specialty Electronics and Nanoelectronics (the master’s degree).”
5. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 218 dated on March 12, 2015 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education for Bachelor’s Programme with Profile 11.03.04 Electronics and Nanoelectronics.”
6. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 1407 dated on October 30, 2014 “On Approval of the Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education for Master’s Programme with Profile 11.03.04 Electronics and Nanoelectronics.”
7. URL: https://teacode.com/online/vak/p05–09–07. html.

1. The Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261FZ “Concerning Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”.
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3. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 602 dated on July 20, 2011 “On approval of the requirements to lighting devices and electric lamps used in AC circuits for lighting”.
4. Abrashkina M.L., Sysoeva E.A. Trebovaniia k energeticheskoi effektivnosti markirovke i ekodizainu svetotekhnicheskoi produktsii evropeiskii opyt [Energy Efficiency, Labelling, and Environmental Safety Requirements to Lighting Products: the European Experience] // Svetotekhnika, 2017, No. 3, pp. 42–45.
5. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 874/2012 of 12 July 2012 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of electrical lamps and luminaires // Official Journal of the European Union, 2012, pp. 1–20.
6. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 450 dated on April 15, 2017 “On introduction of amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1222 dated on December 31, 2009”.
7. GOST R55702–2013 Electric light sources. Methods of measuring of electrical and luminous characteristics.
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9. GOST R54992–2012 Lamps for household use. Methods for determination of energy efficiency.
10. GOST R54993–2012 Lamps for household use. Energy efficiency properties.
11. The Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation No. 357 dated on April 29, 2010 “On Approval of the Rules of Determination of the Energy Efficiency Class of a Product and Other Information of its Energy Efficiency by Manufacturers and Importers”.
12. Commission Directive 98/11/EC of 27 January 1998 implementing Council Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of household lamps // Official Journal of the European Union, 1998, pp. 1–8.
13. Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products // Official Journal of the European Union, 2010, pp. 1–12.
14. Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR CU004/2011 “On Safety of Low-Voltage Equipment”. URL: http://www.docs.cntd.ru/document/902299536 (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
15. Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 Low Voltage Directive. URL: http://www.procertificate.ru/standard/directive-2006–95-ec.html (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
16. Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR CU020/2011 “Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Means”. URL: http://www.docs.cntd.ru/document/902320551 (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
17. Directive 2004/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. URL: http://www.icqc.eu/ userfiles/File/directiva%202004 %20108 %20ec%20emc. pdf (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
18. Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union No. 113 dated on October 18, 2016 “On Limitation of Application of Hazardous Substances in Electrotechnical and Radioelectronic Products” (TR EEU037/2016). URL: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/ doc/71474288/ (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
19. Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. URL: http://www. schmidt-export.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/ce_cert/2011–65_ rohs-en.pdf (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
20. The project of the Technical Regulation of EEU “On Requirements to Energy Efficiency of Power-Consuming Equipment”. URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/texnreg/deptexreg/tr/Pages/projectsVnutrigos.aspx (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
21. STB2460–16 Fluorescent Lamps without BuiltIn Ballast, High-Intensity Discharge Lamps, Ballasts and Luminaires for Such Lamps. Energy Efficiency. Requirements”. URL: http://nd.gostinfo.ru/document/6266836. aspx (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
22. STB2461–2016 “Electric Lamps and Luminaires. Energy Efficiency. Labelling”. URL: http://nd.gostinfo.ru/ document/6267016.aspx (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
23. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 874/2012 of 12 July 2012 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of electrical lamps and luminaires // Official Journal of the European Union, 2012, pp. 1–20.
24. STB2476–2016 “Household Lamps with Undirected Light Radiation. Energy Efficiency. Requirements”. URL: http://nd.gostinfo.ru/document/6285489.aspx (date of reference: 01.06.2018).
25. Commission Regulation (EC) No 244/2009 of 18 March 2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for non-directional household lamps // Official Journal of the European Union, 2009, pp. 3–16.
26. Regulation (EU) 2017/1369 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2017 setting a framework for energy labelling and repealing Directive 2010/30/EU // Official Journal of the European Union, 2017, pp. 1–24.
27. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1356 dated on November 10, 2017 “On approval of the requirements to lighting devices and electric lamps used in AC circuits for lighting”. URL: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/71710952/ (date of reference: 01.06.2018).

The article characterises the main directions of optimisation of electric power market legal regulation including such its specific segment as illumination of cities within the context of determination of resources for increase of electric energy quality, its saving and protection of consumers (subscribers). Interdependence of the processes of enforcement of the rights and legal interests of electric energy consumers and one of the most energy demanding factors, lighting of municipal facilities, was discovered. It was found that guarantees for electric energy consumers specified by art. 38 of the Federal Law УOn Electric EnergyФ (prohibition of consumption limitations including the so called rolling blackouts, etc.) are detailed by subordinate legislation some items of which require clarification of legal categories of relations between the terms УwholesaleФ and УretailФ market of electric power.
The opinions of the Supreme Court announced in 2019, which provide higher level of legal protection of consumers as the weakest party of legal relations in the examined market, were subject to scientific analysis; it is justified that, in view of the requirements of art. 126 of the Constitution of Russia, they shall become a target for elimination of numerous contradictions in court practice regarding this matter.
Specific propositions on amendments (modification) of some federal laws and acts of the Government of the Russian Federation are specified.

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