Georges Zissis, Laurent Canale, David Buso, Evangelos-Nikolaos Madias, Constantinos Bourousis, Marta Krakowiak, Alberto Sozza, Frangiskos Topalis, and Stylianos Zerefos
Mapping the Needs for Trained Lighting Engineers in Construction Industry: The First Outcomes from ECOSLIGHT Skills Alliances European Project

Elena A. Zaeva-Burdonskaya and Yuri V. Nazarov
Light Design: From Practice to Education

George V. Boos, Andrey A. Grigoryev, and Victoria A. Rybina
The Experimental Research Installation for the Determination of Monochromatic Thresholds of Human Visual System

Basudeb Das, Tapas Maity, and Saswati Mazumdar
Wireless Controlled Wide Range Tuneable CCT Lighting System Using Three Component Colour Mixing

Ecenur Kizilorenli and Ebru Alakavuk
Examining the Daylighting Performance of Office Buildings on the Example of the Rectorate Building in Izmir

Georges Zissis, Laurent Canale, David Buso, Evangelos-Nikolaos Madias, Constantinos Bourousis, Marta Krakowiak, Alberto Sozza, Frangiskos Topalis, and Stylianos Zerefos
Mapping the Needs for Trained Lighting Engineers in Construction Industry: The First Outcomes from ECOSLIGHT Skills Alliances European Project

Elena A. Zaeva-Burdonskaya and Yuri V. Nazarov
Light Design: From Practice to Education

George V. Boos, Andrey A. Grigoryev, and Victoria A. Rybina
The Experimental Research Installation for the Determination of Monochromatic Thresholds of Human Visual System

Basudeb Das, Tapas Maity, and Saswati Mazumdar
Wireless Controlled Wide Range Tuneable CCT Lighting System Using Three Component Colour Mixing

Ecenur Kizilorenli and Ebru Alakavuk
Examining the Daylighting Performance of Office Buildings on the Example of the Rectorate Building in Izmir

The construction sector faces new challenges in order to provide smart, energy efficient and sustainable lighting environments for infrastructure, cities, buildings and the industry, in order to follow the 2050 low-carbon economy roadmap of the European Commission. In parallel, the Environmentally Conscious Smart Lighting (ECOSLIGHT) project aims to design training programs in lighting that will actively enhance employability and improve career prospects of lighting-related professionals, while also help businesses to find the right competences they need to increase their competitiveness. In this paper, by analysing critically the 438 collected answers though on-line ECOSLIGHT original developed questionnaire, we were able to understand clearly what are the needs of the sector for well-trained lighting professionals and indent the training needs for future lighting professionals who want find jobs in the sector. Further, we could establish standard “job-profiles” for two of the most popular need lighting professionals: lighting designers and lighting system engineers.

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Nowadays, light design is not just a purely technical and functionally limited applied sphere but a sphere of active creative activity. Light engineering gradually moves rowards light design. This transformation has not just provided the latter with unlimited potential of design and art tools but has also provided it with a wide range of its capabilities, which makes it difficult for light design to self-identify to a certain extent. The processes provided light engineering with a variety of creative methods have dissolved the boundaries of the new profession still looking for self-identification. The contemporary trends in practical light design have allowed to identify the development direction more clearly, which allows us to enhance the education methodology. The conducted comparative analysis of the works by the leaders of international practice and professional education in the sphere of light design has identified a number of common trends, which allowed to set out the main methods of specialist training. A robust relationship between light design and theatre lighting and the use of the scenario-based principle of light modelling as well as the innovative experimental school laboratories equipped at the highest technical level and creative architectural and lighting design are becoming a most important component of future light designers training. The experience of training design is not only closely related to theory and methodology of technical aesthetic but also serves as a direct reflection of current design realia including artistic, media and information and engineering aspects.

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This paper proposes a novel approach of wireless controlled, tenable correlated colour temperature (CCT) lighting system with high colour rendering index (CRI) using the concept of colour mixing. Using Grassmann’s colour mixing theory, phosphor coated warm white LED source (CCT 2800 K) is mixed with the blue and green LED light sources to meet the requirement of high CRI and high value of red object identification parameter R9. A detailed mathematical formulation is derived for easy controlling of variable CCT and illuminance and a flowchart of wireless control scheme is incorporated and experimentally validated in this article. As a result, the locus of the blended light source is very close to the Planckian locus on CIE1931 chromaticity diagram with a minimum uv D value of +0.0005. This proposed system provides a very wide range CCT starting from 2800 K to 15000 K with a high CRI value of 94 at CCT 5000 K. Another feature of this blended light source is the true colour identification parameter of red object (R9), which is also increased to 93 at CCT 8000 K. This system has very wide application in industries like textile, food processing etc., in museum, art gallery, and medical application like surgical lighting for its high CRI and R9 value with wide range of CCTs.

1. Figueiro M., Rea, M. Office lighting and personal light exposures in two seasons: Impact on sleep and mood // Lighting Research and Technology, 2014, Vol. 48, #3, pp. 352–364.
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The efficient use of energy resources has affected all areas of life, as well as architecture. There are many ways to increase energy efficiency in buildings. Supporting the efficient use of daylight in the design process, reducing the energy to be used for artificial illumination and reducing heating costs are among the applications that support energy efficiency. The issue of supporting daylighting by reducing artificial illumination draws attention, especially in office buildings, due to the high number of hours used during the day. Insufficient light and lack of visual comfort in offices used during the day increase the consumption of electrical energy.
Within the scope of this study, a parametric study was conducted to optimize the daylighting performance of an office building. For this purpose, rectorate building of a university, which is used as an office building, was selected for the case study, and the daylight condition of this building was examined. For increasing the daylighting performance of the building some revisions were proposed. Results of this research are discussed with visuals and simulation values.

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Despite Orthodox Christian temples have been actively being built over the last years in Moscow (as part of its programme of building 200 Orthodox churches), the problem of temple illumination is still understudied, and in view of this, the article addresses the temple interior architecture as a set of illuminated spatial compartments (temple zones) with different area lighting. A number of concepts is stated including the following: 1) a luminous environment of a temple is designed as a combined system of natural, artificial, and mixed interior lighting interacting with its architecture and decorations including light accents as well as different lighting effects within the interior; 2) temple illumination has several functions: assisting in church services, arrangement of spaces and compositions, visual and symbolic function, and utility function and, with all importance of daylight temple illumination, artificial and mixed illumination has the main semantic priority of temple lighting.

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The goal of this article is to determine various approaches to forming of virtual luminous environment using latest international technologies and resources. Special attention is paid to the systematic approach to research of the ways of adaptation in architecture including elements of contemporary digital technologies and achievements in the field of virtual luminous environment arrangement. Conditions, theoretical basis and tools of virtual luminous environment forming in an enclosed underground space are reviewed. Virtual techniques of luminous environment modification are identified based on analysis of cases of their application. It is noted that different techniques of virtual luminous environment application as an integral component of an underground space use numerous ways to converse and control electrical lighting. The article may be useful both for theory and practice of virtual luminous environment forming in underground spaces providing brand new capabilities to architecture.

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As the demand for electrical energy increases daily, it has become inevitable to use electrical energy more efficiently and economically. To reduce foreign dependency in energy in our country, various steps are taken to bring the areas where energy is used under the focus and to bring the existing systems to a better level with technology. 20 % of the energy consumed in our country is used in illumination. The share of road illumination is high illumination. Besides, since the control and observability of the road illumination inside the external illumination are easy, it is easier for countries to work in this field. New generation technologies are rapidly adopted, followed, and applied in our country. Light sources and luminaires used in road illumination have constantly changed with technology.
High-pressure sodium vapor lamps are primarily used in road illumination in our country. In addition, LED luminaires, which are considered a new generation illumination technology, have startedto find wide use in this market. A comparative analysis of luminaires with high-pressure sodium vapor lamps and LED luminaires used in road illumination was made in this study. DIALux program was used to compare these analyses.

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In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in traffic accidents in the tunnel region, especially around the threshold and exit zones, due to the inappropriate lighting system of these zones; leading to the loss of humans properties and lives. Therefore, lighting designers strive to improve the illumination issues of the threshold and exit zones which bring about “black hole” and “white hole” effects, respectively. Several solutions are proposed: solar optical fibre lighting system as a natural lighting system and LED, fluorescent lighting system as the artificial lighting system. This paper aims to compare the natural and artificial lighting system to show which lighting system is better and the best solution to solve these issues. The previous study in the Huashuyan tunnel in China, where natural light, solar optical fibre was used to illuminate the threshold zone, is simulated in LITSTAR4D software using a customized HCL-TN LED luminaire of LITPA Сompany. The simulation result is compared with the previous result obtained when the solar optical fibre is used. The simulation outcome gave a satisfying result with an average luminance of 91.15 cd/m2, which is higher than the average luminance required by the threshold zone. However, it is less when compared to the average luminance of 181.31 cd/m2 produced by the solar optical fibre system. The overall uniformity of 0.42 is above the requirements in the CIE88:2004 standards.

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Tunnel illumination design involves complex mathematical computation, cumbersome, and tedious to perform when done by hand. This paper proposes an algorithm to compute luminance and luminous flux of the different zones of the tunnel by following the International Commission on Illumination (CIE88:2004) standard design guidelines using the C programming language. The luminance and the luminous flux values of all the zones were calculated and compared with the CIE standard. The energy consumption of each zone is equally found to control and reduce energy wastage and payment of unwanted bills. The threshold zone length Lth, average luminance in the first half Lav, and the last half of the threshold zone are 40 m, 400 cd/m2, and 240 cd/m2, respectively, while the average luminance of the transition and interior zones are, respectively, 95.87 cd/m2 and 5.86 cd/m2. The results obtained were satisfying. The computational results showed that the proposed Algorithm could be used to design an efficient tunnel illumination system with less energy waste.

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Energy saving has become important in recent years with smart city applications. Outdoor illumination is very important in terms of safety and visuality. Outdoor illumination is done by traditional methods in todays. However, it is quite disadvantageous both in terms of visuality and energy efficiency. In this study, an example environment is designed for the smart city application. Artificial intelligent based control is simulated within the scope of smart city applications in an area consisting of schools, living spaces, social areas, and roads. Various scenarios have been showed and intelligent control has been obtained by taking the data from the national data centre and sensors. These scenarios are detection motion at night, detection at rising sun, no motion at night, no motion at rising sun, and enough illumination. When the control and used luminaires are considered, the proposed system was found to be 43.35 % more efficient than traditional control methods. With the study, the necessity of expanding smart city applications in terms of future energy saving, security, and comfort was revealed.

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LED masks have made a significant impact on the beauty care sector. These products use low level light therapy to treat damaged skin and encourage skin regeneration. However, there are no specific safety standards for LED masks. Therefore, consumers may incur risks, such as skin damage and eye burns. In this study, selected LED masks were investigated based on their number of LED modules and wavelength bands (blue, yellow, and red light). The irradiance and radiance were measured according to the measurement criteria of IEC62471, which is an international standard for photobiological safety. This standard was used to derive the results and to find the corresponding hazards to humans. The products use blue light, and the inclusion of a separate eye protection device was checked. The application of an automatic output blocking system was checked when the product is used for a particular period. This study aims to present a domestic photobiological safety standard management plan and guidelines for the use of LED masks according to the test results.

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The subject matter of the article is the effect of a visual stimulation in the form of visual environment formed by dynamic laser images with preset fractality parameters on human. The structural and restorative characteristics of this environment are similar to those of the natural visual environment known for its restorative properties: it reduces the level of loading of sensory systems, recovers functional (general) state of humans, etc. Such analogue environment is formed using a laser optoelectronic RGB device designed with a non-conventional optical element, which transforms the structure of light beams from sources of radiation into an abstract light field with fractal dimensions of D = 1.3–1.5 optimal for perception, which is a positive criterion of evaluation of correspondence between this field and the natural visual environment. To estimate the level of the effect of the visual analogue environment, the electroencephalography (EEG) method was used which is based on analysis of activity of human brain α rhythm related to relaxed wakeful state.
The estimation demonstrated that the proposed visual stimulation causes a valid positive effect as a light therapy instrument. The obtained percentage data on the difference between median values of α rhythm power in 18 derivations before and after the visual stimulation has demonstrated increase of α rhythm power by 40 % as compared to the baseline level. Minimal growth was equal to 17.8 % which corresponds to parietal derivation P3-A1 whereas the maximum growth was 51.4 % and corresponded to the mid-temporal derivation T4-A2. Also valid reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and cardiac rate (CR) by 8.5 % and 10 % respectively were observed. The obtained data are indicative of reduction of anxiety level, unloading of sensory systems and positive dynamics of the effect of dynamic laser images on human functional state. The statistical analysis confirms validity of the positive dynamics of α rhythm power, BP and CR changes.

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The article reviews the main theoretical, engineering and technological, circuit-engineering and software aspects of development of a dynamically controlled luminaire based on light emitting diodes for contrast visualisation of biological tissues during surgical procedures. The design concept of such surgical luminaire is proposed, which combines high-quality white lighting and coloured accent lighting increasing the contrast of visualisation of particular tissues and borders between them. The calculation model of the luminaire optical system allows maximising the level of illumination and uniformity of illuminance and colour of the surgical area. The software of the luminaire allows to independently modifying intensity of radiation of six coloured light emitting diodes with blue (460 nm), turquoise (505 nm), green (530 nm), green-yellow (550 nm), orange (590 nm) and red (630 nm) light colours for synthesis of coloured lighting of virtually any chromaticity. The level of general lighting by means of phosphor light emitting diodes can also be varied within a wide range. Chromaticity and level of lighting are adjusted by means of pulse-duration modulation of light emitting diode current and the light parameters of the luminaire are controlled by a remote computer via a radio channel.
This medical luminaire is primarily designed for lighting during surgical procedures and it can also be used for visual diagnostics based on the colour of analysed tissues.

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The subject matter of the article is improvement and utilisation of UV lamps for agricultural irradiating installations. Nowadays, erythema UV lamps presented on the Russian and foreign markets contain wavelength range λ of 280 nm to 380 nm within the radiation spectrum. It is known that radiation with λ of (320–380) nm causes only pigment-forming effect while radiation with λ less than 320 nm has vitamin-forming, stimulating, and bactericidal effects. The results of development of UV lamps designed for erythema irradiation of animals and poultry containing the mercury line of 253.7 nm within the radiation spectrum are presented. Specialists of A.N. Lodygin VNIIIS have developed prototypes of low-pressure UV lamps irradiating not only within the range of (280–320) nm but also within the range of (220–280) nm. The lamp type LE30 was used as a design basis. The power of the manufactured products is equal to 30 W. Uviol glass SL‑97–2 transmitting 56 % of radiation with λ of 253.7 nm and 80 % of radiation with λ of 297 nm was used instead of SL‑97–3 glass used in standard erythema lamps. Erythema phosphor E‑2 was used in the products. The article briefly describes the tests conducted to define efficiency of utilisation of the designed lamps in irradiating devices and combined irradiation installations. It is demonstrated that utilisation of improved irradiating equipment positively affects the agricultural animals management and breeding, increases performance indicators and reduces consumption of resources and electric power.

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