Construction technologies go through several stages: emergence, improvement, decline and revival. Falconnier glass block technology, which was in demand at the very beginning of the 20th century, is now being revived again. Hand-blown and hollow inside, Falconnier glass blocks were widely used for glazing windows, greenhouses, lighting stairs, but of particular interest is their use as a material for glazing translucent coatings of roofs and atriums.
Quite often, glass bricks could be found in blank fire walls. In most cases, glass blocks were used for the purpose of zoning spaces while maintaining daylighting, as well as in technical rooms. But Falconnier glass blocks were also used for glazing front facades. But in the mansion of the Tambov manufacturer Aseev, built in 1904–06, a unique cylindrical vault was made from this material, covering the large span of the central living room. On the territory of Russia, it was apparently the only structure of complex configuration made of Falconnier glass blocks. The structure was lost and needs to be restored. According to the results of research, its close analogue is the translucent coating of the atrium of the town hall in Zurich, which is perfectly preserved and, in fact, is very close to the historical design of the lost part of the skylight in M.V. Aseev’s mansion. At the moment, there is every reason to believe that the lost Falconnier technology was practically restored by enthusiasts, which will expand the possibilities in the field of restoration of monuments at the turn of the 19th‑20th centuries. Both of these factors – the existence of a similar constructive solution and the restored technology for manufacturing glass blocks – open up opportunities for recreating a glass barrel vault that completes the atrium of M.V. Aseev’s mansion, which is currently a museum complex.

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In modern conditions, there is an increasing role for the construction of multifunctional buildings based on universal load-bearing structures of frame systems to take advantage of mass construction. The developed universal arched covering made of modular trihedral trusses can be used for multi-purpose production, storage and auxiliary buildings of various industries, as well as buildings of sporting and socio-cultural purposes. The arrangement of light apertures along the full length of the external contour of the steel lattice arches makes it possible to form a uniform background of daylighting. Directly on the inclined lattice edges of the arches, sunscreens can be placed. Changing the spacing and width of the steel lattice arches makes it possible to regulate the area of light openings and influence changes in the parameters of daylighting and insolation of the building.
The aim of the research is to evaluate the design features and layout of the universal arch cover for a translucent cover with a fragmented combined system of daylight and insolation for public and industrial buildings of different technological specialization.
The research methodology is based on the use of graph-analytical methods on the placement of geometric bodies in space from the condition of striving to minimize their dimensions. Analytical dependences influencing the formation of the geometric layout of lattice arch structures are presented. The results of assembling the arched coverage of a sports hall from the segments of modular trihedral trusses for different spans are given. Conclusions are formulated according to the results of the research and recommendations are given for further investigations of the presented structures.

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2. Maklakova, T.G., Nanasova, S.M. Constructions of civil buildings: Textbook [Konstruktsii zhylykh zdaniy] / Moscow: Publishing house ASV, 2004, 296 p.
3. Kopytov, M.M., Erohin, K.A., Matveev, A.V, Melyokhin, E.A. Trihedral truss cover [Pokrytiye trekhgrannoy fermy] / Patent # 2188287 RF, RU MPK7 E04 C3/04, 27.08. 2002, #24, 8 p.
4. Kopytov, M.M., Matveev, A.V, Melyokhin, E.A. Covering of trihedral trusses [Pokrytiye trekhgrannykh ferm] / Patent No. 49859, RU U1 MPK7 E04 C3/04, 10.12. 2005, # 34, 10 p.
5. Melyokhin, E.A. Covering of trihedral trusses [Pokrytiye trekhgrannykh ferm] / Patent No. 2627794, 11.08. 2017, # 23, 8 p.
6. Melyokhin, E.A., Firtseva, S.V. Covering of trihedral trusses [Pokrytiye trekhgrannykh ferm] / Patent No. 2661945, 23.07.2018, blvd. # 21, 8 p.
7. Kopytov, M.M., Malinovsky, A.P., Matveev, A.V, Melyokhin, E.A. Thin-walled supporting structure of the closed pentahedral section (its variants) [Tonkostennaya nesushchaya konstruktsiya zamknutogo pyatigrannogo secheniya (yeye varianty) / Patent 36119 RU U1 MPK7 E04C3/32, 27.02.2004, bulletin # 6, 8 p.
8. Aizenberg, Y.B. and Boos, G.V. Reference book on Light and Engineering [Spravochnik po svetotekhnike] / Moscow, Editorial of Journal Light and Engineering, 2019, 4th Edition, 892 p.
9. Melyokhin, E.A., Ivanov, P.S., Malygin, A.B. Numerical studies of modular systems of trihedral trusses of flat roofs of buildings // Engineering Herald of Don, # 6, 2022, URL: ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/n6y2022/7687.
10. Melyokhin, E.A., Goncharov, N.V., Malygin, A.B. Prestressed trihedral trusses for flat roofs // Engineering Herald of Don, # 6, 2022. URL: ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/ archive/n6y2022/7704.
11. Melyokhin, E.A. Modular trihedral trusses of flat roofs [Modul’nyye trekhgrannyye fermy ploskikh krysh] // Bulletin of TGAU T.23, No.2, 2021, pp. 65–78. DOI: 10.31675/1607–1859–2021–23–2–65–78.
12. Migalina, I.V., Schepetkov, N.I. Calculation and design of daylighting of premises [Raschet i proyektirovaniye dnevnogo osveshcheniya pomeshcheniy / Moscow: MARHI, 2013, 72 p.
13. SanPiN2.2.1/2.1.1.1278–03 “Hygienic Requirements for natural, artificial, and combined lighting of residential and public buildings” [Gigiyenicheskiye trebovaniya k yestestvennomu, iskusstvennomu i kombinirovannomu osveshcheniyu zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy] / Мoscow, 2003.
14. SP 23–102–2003 Set of ules: “Natural Lighting of Residential and Public Buildings” [Svod pravil: “Yestestvennoye osveshcheniye zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdaniy”] / Мoscow, 2005.
15. SP 52.13330.2016. Set of rules “Natural and artificial lighting” [Svod pravil: “Estestvennoe I iskustvennoe osveshchenie”] / Revised edition of SNiP 23–05–95*. Мoscow, 2017.
16. SP 20.13330.2016. Loads and impacts [Nagruzki i vozdeystviya] / Updated edition of SNiP 2.01.07–85*, Мoscow, 2016.
17. Gordeev, V.N., Lantukh-Lyashchenko, A.I., Pashinsky, V.A., Perelmuter, A.V., Pichugin S.F. Loads and Effects on Buildings and Structures [Nagruzki i vozdeystviya na zdaniya i sooruzheniya] / Moscow: Association of Building Universities Publishing House, 2007.
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To ensure a required daylight in premises with top system of outdoor illumination through roof lighting installations, it is necessary to take into account the photometrical effects of surrounding development. For the time being such a concept in lighting engineering design is adopted only for side lit premises through windows, though the dense urban development in modern megalopolises offers nearly the same problem for buildings with overhead daylighting system. This paper presents a brief description of experimental case studies, based on the scale model method, as well as on the photometric studies of a real premise with skylights.
The studies were conducted in both cases under CIE standard overcast sky with changing geometrics and photometrical parameters of model elements.
The results of the studies showed the great photometric influence of opposite-standing objects on the values of daylight factor (D) in premises with top lighting system and dependence of this influence on size, position, and structural type of skylights, as well as on size and finishing of the model parts and on distance between skylights and opposite-standing building.

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Improving the energy efficiency of residential and civil construction largely depends on how much fossil fuel we spend on heating, cooling, electric lighting, and other human needs during the operation of the building. The results of calculations of energy savings that can be provided by a passive system of using solar energy for these purposes, which, unlike active systems such as photovoltaic batteries or solar collectors for heating and hot solar water supply, does not require engineering equipment maintenance and is an element of the building itself, is part of its space-planning and a constructive solution. From the point of view of capital expenditures on its device, it is attractive. This is a “solar fireplace” or a Trombe wall – the simplest of all passive systems, the effectiveness of which was used in ancient Rome. The article presents the results of the work carried out by the Department of Architectural and Construction Design and Environmental Physics (ASPiFS) within the framework of master’s and postgraduate works on the rapid justification of the feasibility of using Trombe walls already at the decision-making stage. It is noted that the use of such structures is advisable in the new southern regions of Russia. The dependence of energy savings by such systems depending on the climatic conditions of the construction site is shown.

1. Bryzgalin, V.V. Thermal balance of the Trombe wall in the climate of central Russia [Teplovoy balans steny Tromba v climate tsentralnoy Rossii // Housing construction [Zhilishchnoe stroitelstvo], 2018, # 6, pp. 15–18.
2. Bryzgalin, V.V., Solovyov, A.K. The use of passive solar heating systems as an element of a passive house [Ispol’zovaniye passivnykh sistem solnechnogo otopleniya kak elementa passivnogo doma] // Bulletin of MGSU, 2018, Vol. 13, # 4(115), pp. 472–481.
3. Gagarin, V.G., Kozlov, V.V., Lushin, K.I. The speed of air movement in the interlayer of the hinged facade system with natural ventilation [Skorost’ dvizheniya vozdukha v prosloyke navesnoy fasadnoy sistemy s yestestvennoy ventilyatsiyey] // Housing construction [Zhilishchnoe stroitelstvo], 2013, # 10, pp. 14–17.
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5. Solovyov, A.K., Ruipu, Bi, Phuong, N.T. Kh. Preliminary assessment of the energy efficiency of Tromb walls in buildings with passive energy use Sjlar // Light and engineering, 2021. Vol. 29, #5(1), pp. 109–120.
6. Solovyov, A.K., Gofu, Bi. Selection of the area of window openings of residential buildings in the monsoon climate of the Far East of the Russian Federation and the northern regions of China // Light and Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, # 6, pp. 27–33.

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The problem of the luminous organization of the space of a medieval church has been actively developed in the last decades. The interiors of Armenian churches have hardly been studied from this point of view. The article solves the problems of identifying the character of daylighting of the interiors of cathedrals erected in the Armenian capital Ani and surrounding settlements in the X–XI centuries, the features of the location of light openings in these buildings, and the shapes and proportions of windows. The connection of this lighting system with the cathedrals of the previous heyday, happen in the VII century, is revealed. The changes that took place in the churches of Ani during the reign of the Bagratid dynasty are traced. Special attention is paid to two metropolitan works by the architect Trdat – the Cathedral and the Gagkashen Church, which have been completed by 1001. The study also brings us closer to understanding the different attitudes to the illumination of the space in the cathedrals of Ani, on the one hand, and parish and monastery churches, on the other.

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This paper deals with the problem of creating the basis of microclimate regulations and increasing the energy efficiency of various types of curtain walls in relation to the building thermal air envelope. The aim of the study is to distribute the heat flux flowing through the experimental envelope and determine the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the facade to develop a heat transfer model and increase the energy efficiency of curtain walls.
The research methods are known scientific and technical results analytical generalization, the processes under study physical and mathematical modelling, the provisions theory of probability and mathematical statistics implementation, and fullscale experimental research.
A computational model of heat transfer through curtain walls of various types is developed in relation to multiple reflections (absorption) of their surfaces in hot climatic conditions when the heat flux of beam and diffuse solar radiation passes through. Optimization of curtain wall with modern shading systems is considered. Comparison of the characteristics of similar experimental setup with traditional translucent curtain walls confirms the simulation. The proposed curtain wall with shading systems significantly improves the energy performance in the warm season compared to traditional curtain walls.
A methodology based on modern computational methods that allow more accurate consideration of heat transfer through curtain walls in relation to the insolation of thermal building air envelope was developed. The methodology improves the quality of building design and microclimate and energy savings for indoor air conditioning.

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A retrospective of the origin and development of light sources is given depending on the history of human development and the creation of fundamental sciences: mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering. Four stages of development and creation of artificial light sources in buildings and structures are proposed. A detailed description of the pre-electric period (regular use of fire by the man; the Bronze Age, the middle Ages and modernity) is presented. The second period begins with the opening of the voltaic arc, which can be called the beginning of the electric period. Illustrations of each discovery with lighting of rooms and buildings of the corresponding period are presented. The period of inventions, which led to the beginning of the third, gas lighting period, is described. This period includes, among other things, the combined use of gas lighting devices with electric lighting and combined gas-electric lighting. The fourth period begins at the beginning of the third millennium and continues to the present. During this period new alternative lighting sources appear along with incandescent lamps and gas-electric sources. Lighting engineering is becoming an independent branch of science and is being studied in all universities of our country, which increases the rate of appearance of new inventions and types of calculation. There are such lighting sources as fluorescent and LED lamps and fixtures. At the end of the article, the opinions of scientists on the prospects for the development of artificial lighting according to various criteria are presented. The article is provided with a large number of illustrations for all stages of development.

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Alexei K. Solovyov
Solar Energy Use for Premises Heating on Spring and Autumn Periods in Southern Regions of Russia

Alexander M. Ibragimov, Lyubov N. Aksakovskaya, and Svetlana V. Gerasimova
Mathematical Model for Heat and Mass Transfer of Concrete Heat Treatment Using Solar Power

Adham I. Giyasov and Saidmuhammad M. Mirzoev
Heat Transfer Model of Curtain Wall Facade Systems under Insolation

Kira O. Larionova and Sergey V. Stetsky
The Influence of Multi-Storey Surrounding Development on a Daylighting of Interiors in Top-Lit Premises: An Experimental Study

Kira O. Larionova and Sergey V. Stetsky
Daylighting of Low-Rise Buildings with Roof System of Illumination in the Case of Dense Surrounding Urban Development

Irina V. Giyasova
Translucent Skylights from Falconnier Glass Blocks

Alexei K. Solovyov
Solar Energy Use for Premises Heating on Spring and Autumn Periods in Southern Regions of Russia

Alexander M. Ibragimov, Lyubov N. Aksakovskaya, and Svetlana V. Gerasimova
Mathematical Model for Heat and Mass Transfer of Concrete Heat Treatment Using Solar Power

Adham I. Giyasov and Saidmuhammad M. Mirzoev
Heat Transfer Model of Curtain Wall Facade Systems under Insolation

Kira O. Larionova and Sergey V. Stetsky
The Influence of Multi-Storey Surrounding Development on a Daylighting of Interiors in Top-Lit Premises: An Experimental Study

Kira O. Larionova and Sergey V. Stetsky
Daylighting of Low-Rise Buildings with Roof System of Illumination in the Case of Dense Surrounding Urban Development

Irina V. Giyasova
Translucent Skylights from Falconnier Glass Blocks