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The use of sun shading elements frequently seen in the residential tradition of the Aegean region. Controllable traditional venetian blinds (shutters) carried to the present through periodic changes are prominent design elements of the architectural heritage. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of these traditional sun control elements in terms of energy efficiency in the cooling season within three different locations (north, mid, and south Aegean coast), and daylighting illuminance level adaptations in Izmir, mid Aegean coast area, with 2 different materials, and 3 different blind angles. To obtain data, on-site measurements conducted in the field of interest. The sunshade illuminance level measurements of the studied residential example used as a source for more effective use of IES (VE) energy models before testing further variations. The main objective is to comprehend one of the traditional methods of coping with the effect of the sun and to understand the reasons from a technical point of view for future adaptations. As a result of the analysis carried out on the most critical days of sunlight, the evaluation of solar shading elements in terms of daylighting balance and cooling loads in traditional houses, will provide us the understanding of the effect of sun control variations in the defined temperate climate region. Tested methodology will guide future case studies.

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The paper presents experimental data on the photo-biological efficiency of the emission of white light LED irradiators and phyto-spectrum with an intensity of 460 μmol/(m2s) and 800 μmol/(m2s) at the intermediate (18 days) and final (27 days) stages of the growing season of growing Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), chard (Beta vulgaris), and radish (Raphanus sativus) in relation to the conditions of closed ecosystems (CES). The presence of different specifics of the reaction of plants to the spectral composition of radiation, both at the intermediate and final stages of vegetation, has been established. It has been suggested that in some plant species (Chinese cabbage) it may be physiologically justified at the intermediate stage of vegetation to change the spectral regime of irradiation from the phytospectrum to white light in order to achieve higher productivity values. Using the example of chard, it has been established that the phyto-spectrum can be more effective than white light when growing leaf biomass, regardless of the growing season. Using the example of radishes, it was shown that the phytospectrum stimulates the accumulation of high values of above-ground biomass in comparison with white light, however, for the accumulation of root biomass in relation to the conditions of the CES, it is more expedient to use white light, since with a biomass of root crops comparable to the phytospectrum, plants with an increased coefficient of economic efficiency are formed in white light, which reduces the share of waste in the CES (inedible leafy biomass). On the basis of the data obtained, possible tasks of scientific research on evaluating the spectral efficiency of radiation at certain stages of plant vegetation, as well as the prospects for creating LED irradiators with a physiologically based program for regulating the spectral composition and radiation intensity, are discussed.

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Endoscopic instrumentation is the main means of visualisation and analysis of condition of hardto-reach cavities of different objects in medicine and engineering. The quality of images formed by endoscopic instrumentation is usually limited by geometric aberrations of its optical system. For efficient optical conjugation of endoscopic probes with an eyepiece designed for visual observation and with analytical instruments, detailed information on their aberration characteristics is required. Nowadays, there is no recognised testing methodology for such probes allowing to determine the degree of geometrical aberrations to full extent. In this work, testing was based on analysis of wave-front behind the endoscope eyepiece using a Shack-Hartmann sensor. A bench for registration and analysis of Hartman-nomograms was developed and built for: determining wave-front characteristics in geometrical optics approximation for extra-axis points; evaluation of field curvature and chromatic aberrations; calculation and accounting for measurement errors. The method is exemplified by obtaining wave-front parameters as well as angular and spectral dependences of the defocusing magnitude (characterising field curvature and chromatic aberration of position of an optical system) for a rigid lens endoscope.

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