Boris A. Veklenko
Coherent Stimulated Radiation, Coherent Spontaneous Radiation and Coupled Photon Pairs in Non-Uniform Thermally Excited Gaseous Media: The Theory

Sergey V. Prytkov, Sergey S. Kapitonov, Alexei S. Vinokurov, and Maxim V. Kolyadin
Generalization and Research of the Keitz Equation Inaccuracy when Radiation Flux of Linear Low Pressure UV Lamps is Measuring

Dmitry V. Scums and Boris V. Eroshenko
Luminous Intensity and Luminous Flux Standard Lamps Based on COB LEDs

Temel Sonmezocak, Onur Akar, and Umit Kemalettin Terzi
High Performance Adaptive Active Harmonic Filter Design for Non-Linear LED Loads

Ilker Akgun and Erhan Ustaoglu
A Multi-Methodological Design Framework for Roadway Illumination

Michael L. Belov, Alexei M. Belov, Victor A. Gorodnichev, and Sergey V. Alkov
Multispectral Optical Reflectometry Method of Forest Resource Monitoring

Boris A. Veklenko
Coherent Stimulated Radiation, Coherent Spontaneous Radiation and Coupled Photon Pairs in Non-Uniform Thermally Excited Gaseous Media: The Theory

Sergey V. Prytkov, Sergey S. Kapitonov, Alexei S. Vinokurov, and Maxim V. Kolyadin
Generalization and Research of the Keitz Equation Inaccuracy when Radiation Flux of Linear Low Pressure UV Lamps is Measuring

Dmitry V. Scums and Boris V. Eroshenko
Luminous Intensity and Luminous Flux Standard Lamps Based on COB LEDs

Temel Sonmezocak, Onur Akar, and Umit Kemalettin Terzi
High Performance Adaptive Active Harmonic Filter Design for Non-Linear LED Loads

Ilker Akgun and Erhan Ustaoglu
A Multi-Methodological Design Framework for Roadway Illumination

Michael L. Belov, Alexei M. Belov, Victor A. Gorodnichev, and Sergey V. Alkov
Multispectral Optical Reflectometry Method of Forest Resource Monitoring

It is demonstrated that presence of stimulated radiation processes in gaseous media makes it possible to generate rays inversely reflected from interfaces of thermally excited gaseous media and the processes of left-hand refraction of the rays having passed through these media. These processes are caused by availability of coupled photonic states and stimulated radiation in media the properties of which differ from those of stimulated radiation in vacuum. Estimation of these processes is based on exclusion of the procedure of forced breaking of quantum correlators and correct consideration of high-order correlators. Along with Schrödinger’s and Heisenberg’s representations, this article uses also the less-known Γ- representation, which allows us to reduce a multi-particle problem of quantum electrodynamics to a single-particle problem within the an infinite-dimensional space. The equations formed in Г- representation are mathematically simpler and may be studied using the standard Wick’s theorem rather than its approximated thermodynamic variant suggested by T.A. Matsubara. Therefore it is possible to keep all possible solutions of the initial system of equations in mind. Of course, approximation methods are used for explicit solution of these equations. Using Feynman diagrams instead of the Dyson equation for quantum correlators, it is possible to find an equation defining the complete density matrix of a photonic sub-system.

1. Veklenko B.A. On Statistics of Resonance Radiation Reflected from Resonance Media [O statistike rezonansnogo izlucheniya, otrazhonnogo ot rezonansnykh sred] // Proceedings of MEI, 1981, Vol. 512.
2. Veklenko B.A. Quantum Macroscopic Effect in Resonance Optics [Kvantoviy makroskopicheskiy effekt v rezonansnoy optike] // ZhETF, 1989, Vol. 96, #2, pp. 457–471.
3. Veklenko B.A., Gusarov R.B., Sherkunov Yu.B. Distinctions of Selective Reflection of Resonance Radiation from Excited Media [Osobennosti selektivnogo otrazheniya rezonansnogo izlucheniya ot vozbuzhdyonnykh sred] // ZhETF, 1998, Vol. 113, # 2, pp. 521–538.
4. Klauder, J.R., Sudarshan, E.C.G. Fundamentals of Quantum Optics (in Russian) / Moscow: Mir, 1970.
5. Veklenko B.A. Violation of Fresnel’s Formulae when Reflecting Resonance Radiation from Excited Media [Narusheniye formul Frenelya pri otrazhenii rezonansnogo izlucheniya ot vozbuzhdyonnykh sred] // Prikladnaya fizika, 2011, Vol. 1, pp. 5–15.
6. Scully M.O., Lamb W.E. Quantum Theory of an Optical Maser. I. General Theory // Phys.Rev. 1967, Vol. 159, pp. 208–226.
7. Wick G.C. The Evaluation of the Collision Matrix // Phys.Rev.1950, Vol. 80, pp. 268–272.
8. Matzubara T.A. A New approach to quantum statistical mechanics // Progr. Theor. Phys. 1955, Vol. 14, pp. 351–358. DOI: 10.1143/PTP.14.351.
9. Abrikosov A.A., Gorkov L.P., Dzyaloshinskiy I.E. Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics [Metody kvantovoy teorii polya v statisticheskoy fizike] / Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1962, 443 p.
10. Veklenko B.A. Distribution Functions and Green Functions [Funktsii raspredeleniya i funktsii Grina] // Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika, 1978, Vol. 5, pp. 77–81.
11. Keldysh L.V. Diagram Technique for Non-Equilibrium Processes [Diagrammnaya tekhnika dlya neravnovesnykh protsessov] // ZhETF, 1964, Vol. 47, pp. 1515–1527.
12. Veklenko B.A. The method of Г-operators and the tertiary quantization of quantum electrodynamics equations // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, Vol. 1647, 012016. DOI:10.1088/1742–6596/1647/1/012016.

In 2020, the first edition of the international standard ISO 15727 was issued for measuring the radiation flux of linear low pressure UV germicidal lamps. The document is based on a methodology developed by members of the IUVA Association of Ultraviolet Equipment Manufacturers. This technique measures the irradiance generated by the lamp under near-field conditions, the photometric distance and the length of the lamp. Then, using the so-called Keitz equation, the radiation flux is calculated. This implies the following.
First, the lamp-length element has the properties of a uniformly diffuse cylinder. Secondly, the photometry axis connecting the receiver and the lamp divides it in half. Third, the angular response of the receiver corresponds to the cosine. The subject of this article is the study of the Keitz equation under conditions that deviate from these assumptions. In this work, a general formula is derived that connects the irradiance generated by a linear emitter and its energy flow. This formula does not impose restrictions on the light distribution of the lamp, the offset of the receiver relative to its center, the angular response of the receiver.
The paper considers special cases, including those leading to the Keitz equation. Errors of the Keitz equation are estimated, due to the difference between the indicatrices of the radiation force of UV lamps and the uniformly diffuse cylinder, as well as the displacement of the receiver. The results of the study can be useful for developers of standards and measurement procedures.
In addition, a special case derived for a receiver measuring spherical irradiance is of scientific interest. Despite the fact that at present the design of radiometric heads is mainly intended for measuring the irradiance of a flat area, for assessing the effectiveness of the effect of UV radiation on microorganisms and chemical compounds, it is more suitable for spherical irradiance.

1. Vasilyak L.M., Drozdov L.A., Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.N., Sobur D.A., Sokolov D.V., and Shunkov Yu. E. A Method of UV Radiant Flux Measuring of LP Tubular Bactericidal Lamp / / Light & Engineering, 2011, Vol. 19, # 2, pp. 81–86.
2. Meshkov V.V. Lighting installations: The basics of rationing, design and calculation: [Textbook] [Electronic resource] / Moscow Leningrad: Publishing House Gosenergoizdat, 1947, 640 p.
3. Sapozhnikov R.A. Theoretical photometry / Moscow: Energia, 1977, 264 p.
4. Syromyasov A.O., Prytkov S.V. Approximation of photometric data by trigonometric polynomials of one variable / / Almanac of Modern Science and Education, 2014, Vol. 84, # 5–6, pp. 117–122.
5. ISO 15727. UV–C devices: Measurement of the output of a UV–C lamp / Switzerland: ISO copyright office CP 401, Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH‑1214 Vernier, Geneva, 2020, 20 p.
6. Keitz H.A.E. Light calculations and measurement. An introduction to the system of quantities and units in light-technology and to photometry / Eindhoven: Philips’ Technical Library, 1971, 413 p.
7. O. Lawal at al. Method for measurement of the output of monochromatic (254 nm) low pressure UV lamps / // IUVA News, 2017, Vol. 19, # 1.
8. O. Lawal at al. Proposed method for measurement of the output of monochromatic (254 nm) low pressure UV lamps // IUVA News, 2008, Vol. 10, # 1.
9. Prytkov S.V., Kapitonov S.S., Vinokurov A.S. A refinement of the determination method of the linear lowpressure UV lamps radiant flux // Light & Engineering, 2021, Vol. 29, # 1, pp. 104–114.
10. SageMath Mathematical Software System – Sage [Elektronnyy resurs]. Access: https://www.sagemath.org/.
11. Sasges M., Robinson J., Daynouri F. Ultraviolet Lamp Output Measurement: A Concise Derivation of the Keitz Equation // Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2012, V. 34, # 4, pp. 306–309.
12. Sasges M.R. Standard Method for Quantifying the Output of UV Lamps // Proc. International Congress on Ozone and Ultraviolet Technologies, 2007.
13. Stephen W. Jaworowicz. Total UV Power from an Irradiance Measurement – Correcting the Keitz Equation. Access: https://uvsolutionsmag.com/articles/2019/totaluv-power-from-an-irradiance-measurement-correctingthe-keitz-equation/.
14. Shaw P.S. Ultraviolet characterization of integrating spheres // Appl. Opt., 2007, Vol. 46, # 22, pp. 5119–5128.
15. WHO | CLEAN AIR FOR HEALTH: Geneva Action Agenda [Electronic resource]. Access: http://www.who.int/phe/news/clean-air-for-health/en/.

1. CIE S025/E:2015. Test method for LED lamps, LED luminaires and LED modules. CIE. Vienna. 2015.
2. Scums D.V. Nikanenka, S.V. Danilchyk, A.V. Zhdanovskii, V.A. Kreidzich, A.V. Lutsenko, E.V. New type of source for luxmeters calibration. Proceedings of the 28th Session of the CIE, Manchester, United Kingdom, 28 June – 4 July, 2015, pp. 718–722.
3. Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005 establishing a framework for the setting of eco-design requirements for energy-using products and amending Council Directive 92/42/EEC and Directives 96/57/EC and 2000/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council OJ L 191, 22.7.2005, pр. 29–58 (ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, SK, SL, FI, SV).
4. Sсums D.V., Tarasova O.B., Filistovich E.V. Bel-GIM works in the field of measurеments of the characteristics of LED’s and LED luminaries. VI Miжнародна навукова-технiчна конференцiя “Актуальнi проблеми свiтлотехнiки”. Тезi доповiдей. 4–6 жовтня 2017. Харкiв.
5. Joanne C. Zwinkels. CCPR Activities Related to LED-based Calibration Standards. https:// www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanne_Zwinkels/publication/298212170_CCPR_Activities_Related_to_LED-based_Calibration_Standards/links/56e6e0af08ae85e780cf9a8c/CCPR-Activities-Relatedto-LED-based-Calibration-Standards.pdf (Access Date: 11.07.2021).
6. Alexander Kokka at all. Development of white LED illuminants for colorimetry and recommendation of white LED reference spectrum for photometry // Metrologia, 2018, Vol. 55, # 4, pp. 526–534.
7. Ivashin Eugene A., Khlevnoy Boris B., Shirokov Stanislav S., and Tishchenko Eugene V. Development of Nnew Photometric Standards Based on High Power LEDs // Light & Engineering, 2018, Vol. 26, #1, pp. 58–62.

Today, illumination systems use approximately 1/3 of the electrical energy produced. For this reason, new technologies constantly increase energy efficacy in illumination technology. Consequently, the use of LED type light sources gets more widespread with low power electronics-based versions. The most important advantage of this type of systems has high luminous efficacy. However, since electronic systems have non-linear static loads, they cause unwanted harmonics in electrical distribution systems. Harmonics affect the operational safety as they cause unnecessary heating of the conductors in the electrical network. It also adversely affects the measuring and control systems of the buyers and so decreases the energy performance. In this study, an adaptive Butterworth low pass active harmonic filtermodel that can cut all current/voltage harmonics outside the operating frequency of different types of LED driver light sources is designed. In addition, harmonic analysis of different LED driver systems is performed experimentally by considering the total harmonic distortions (THD,%). In this way, harmonic components and (THD) values of different LED systems are obtained. These harmonic components obtained is filtered with the designed filter structure and the effects of the filter structure at each filtering degree on the harmonic components and THD were investigated. In this way, the designed filter is proved to be an adaptive model that can be adjusted automatically for different types of LED systems.

1. Singh, R. Energy loss due to harmonics in residential campus-a case study // In proceedings of the 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference UPEC2010, Cardiff, UK, 2010
2. Simpson, R.H. Misapplication of power capacitors in distribution systems with non-linear loads-three case histories // IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 41, 2005, pp. 134–143.
3. Abdelmessih, G. Z., Alonso, J.M. et al. Fully Integrated Buck and Boost Converter as a High Efficiency, High-Power-Density Off-Line LED Driver // IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, 2020, Vol. 35, #11, pp. 12238–12251.
4. Ozgonenel, O., Terzi, U.K., Khan, A. A hybrid approach for power quality monitoring // Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, 2012, Vol. 20, #6, pp. 854–869.
5. Samadaei, E., Iranian M., Rezanejad, M., Godina R., Pouresmaeil E. Single-Phase active power harmonics filter by op-amp circuits and power electronics devices // Sustainability, 2018, Vol. 10, p. 4406.
6. Shyni, S. M., Simon, J. et al. Implementation of Integrated SEPIC-Flyback Converter for LED Drive with Efficient Power Factor // IEEE, Fourth International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA‑2020), pp. 385–389.
7. Akagi, H. Modern active filters and traditional passive filters // Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. 54, 2006, pp. 255–269.
8. Lee, Y. J., Niou, C.P. et al. A Digital Power Factor Controller for Primary-Side-Regulated LED Driver // IEEE Access, 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 21813–21822.
9. Beres, R. N., Wang, X., Liserre, M., Blaabjerg, F., Bak, C.L. A review of power filters for three-phase gridconnected voltage-source converters // IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron, 2016, #4, pp. 54–69.
10. Badrzadeh, B., Smith, K.S., Wilson, R.C. Designing passive harmonic filters for an aluminum smelting plant // IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2011, Vol. 47, pp. 973–983.
11. Zhang, J., Zhao, C., Zhao, S., Wu, X. A family of single-phase hybrid step-down PFC converters // IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 2017, Vol. 32, pp. 5271–5281.
12. Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Su M., Zhou, M., Zhu, Q., Li, X. A Single-phase PFC rectifier with wide output voltage and low-frequency ripple power decoupling // IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 2018, Vol. 33, pp. 5076–5086.
13. Xueshan, L., Yuyang, W., Zheng, D. et al. Buck–Boost–Buck-Type Single-Switch Multistring Resonant LED Driver with High Power Factor and Passive Current Balancing // IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, Vol. 35, #5, pp. 5132–5143.
14. Abdelmessih, G. Z., Alonso, J. M., Costa, M.A.D. Electrolytic-Capacitor-less Off-Line LED Driver based on Integrated Parallel Buck-Boost and Boost Converter // 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting |978–1–7281–7192–0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
15. Javadi, A., Al-Haddad, K. A single-phase active device for power quality improvement of electrified transportation // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2015, #62, pp. 3033–3041.
16. Antchey, M.H. Classical and recent aspects of active power filters for power quality improvement in classical and recent aspects of power system optimization // Academic Press: Cambridge, USA, 2018, pp. 219–254.
17. Samadaei, E., Lesan, S., Cherati, S.M. A new schematic for hybrid active power filter controller // In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Applied Power Colloquium (IAPEC), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 18–19 April 2011, pp. 143–148.
18. Singh, B., Solanki, J. An implementation of an adaptive control algorithm for a three-phase shunt active filter // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2009, Vol. 56, pp. 2811–2820.
19. Kanjiya, P., Khadkikar, V., Zeineldin, H.H. Optimal control of shunt active power filter to meet // IEEE Std. 519 current harmonic constraints under nonideal supply condition. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2011, Vol. 62, pp. 724–734.
20. Cikai, Y., Chan, H. W., Dongdong, L. et al. Efficiency Improvement of Multichannel LED Driver with Selective Dimming // IEEE Transactıons on Power Electronıcs, 2020, Vol. 35, #6, pp. 6280–6291.
21. Huan, L., Sinan, L. et al. Single-Phase LED Driver with Reduced Power Processing and Power Decoupling // IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, 2021, Vol. 36, #4, pp. 4540–4548.
22. Giurgiutiu, V. Chaper‑14: signal processing and pattern recognition for structural health monitoring with PWAS transducers // Structural Health Monitoring with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors, Second Edition, 2014, pp. 807–862.
23. Morán, L., Dixon, J. Active filter. Third Edition, Editor: Rashid // H.M. Power elektronik handbook devices circuits and applications, USA, Butterworth – einemann publications, ISBN978–0–12–382036–5, 2011, pp. 1193–1228.
24. Fadloullah, I., Mechaqrane, A., Ahaitouf, A. Butterworth lowpass filter design using evolutionary algorithm // IEEE2017 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS) 978–1–5090–6681–0/17.
25. Laghari, W. M., Baloch, M.U., Mengal, M.A., Shah, S.J. Performance analysis of analog butterworth lowpass filter as compared to Chebyshev type-I filter // Chebyshev type-II filter and elliptical filter, Circuits and Sytems, 2014, Vol. 5, pp. 209–216.

Designing the most efficient roadway illumination is a strategic and complex activity, as it requires consideration of both environmental and economic factors. The aim of this study is to propose a novel structured multi-methodological framework based on the systematic application of data envelopment analysis (DEA), qualityfunction deployment (QFD), and simple additive weighting (SAW) methods to support a critical decision-making process on roadway illumination design. First, the DEA is exercised to find efficient alternatives for roadway illumination. Then customer requirements are included and satisfied by the QFD. Lastly, using the DEA method, the SAW is used to rank the alternatives which are found to be efficient. As a case study, illumination alternatives for a typical urban roadway are analysed to select the most suitable choice in terms of energy and cost effectiveness, which are of course high priorities. The results show that the proposed multi-methodological approach takes advantages of DEA, QFD, and SAW to select an efficient roadway illumination alternative. The proposed approach also supplies a simple and very well-suited decision-making tool for this type of strategic decision-making issue.

1. Kostic, M., Djokic, L., Pojatar, D., and Strbac-Hadzibegovic, N., Technical and economic analysis of road lighting solutions based on mesopic vision // Build. Environ., 2009, Vol. 44, #1, pp. 66–75.
2. Subramani, C., Surya, S., Gowtham, J., Chari, R., Srinivasan, S., Siddharth, J. P., and Shrimali, H. Energy efficiency and pay-back calculation on street lighting systems // AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019, 2112.
3. Mayeur, A., Bremond, R., Bastien, J. C., The effect of the driving activity on target detection as a function of the visibility level: Implications for road lighting // Transport. Res. F- traf., 2010, Vol. 13, #2, pp. 115–128.
4. Coureaux, I. M., Manzano, E., The energy impact of luminaire depreciation on urban lighting // Energy. Sustain. Dev., 2013, Vol. 17, #4, pp. 357–362.
5. Kostic, M., Djokic, L., Recommendations for energy efficient and visually acceptable street lighting // Energy, 2009, Vol. 34, #10, pp. 1565–1572.
6. Kostic, M., Djokic, L. Recommendations for energy efficient and visually acceptable street lighting // Energy, 2009, Vol. 34, #10, pp. 1565–1572.
7. Mirzaei, M. J., Dashti, R., Kazemi, A., Amirioun, M.H. An asset-management model for use in the evaluation and regulation of public-lighting systems // Utilities Policy, 2005, Vol. 32, pp. 19–28.
8. Rabaza, O., Pena-Garcia, A., Perez-Ocon, F., Gomez-Lorente, D. A simple method for designing efficient public lighting, based on new parameter relationships // Expert Systems with Applications, 2013, Vol. 40, #18, pp. 7305–7315.
9. Wu, M. S., Huang, H. H., Huang, B. J., Tang, C. W., Cheng, C.W. Economic feasibility of solar-powered led roadway lighting // Renewable energy, 2009, Vol. 34, #8, pp. 1934–1938.
10. Liu, G. Sustainable feasibility of solar photovoltaic powered street lighting systems // International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2014, Vol. 56, pp. 168–174.
11. Radulovic, D., Skok, S., Kirincic, V. Energy efficiency public lighting management in the cities // Energy, 2011, Vol. 36, #4, pp. 1908–1915.
12. Jiang, Y., Shuo Li, Bowen Guan, Guangyuan Zhao, Cost effectiveness of new roadway lighting systems // Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2015.
13. European Committee for Standardization. Standard EN‑13201: Road Lighting; European Committee for Standardization: Bruxelles, Belgium, 2015.
14. Publication of Minnesota Department of Transportation-Roadway Lighting Design Manual, 2010.
15. Fotios, S., Boyce, P., Ellis, C. The effect of pavement material on road lighting performance // Light. J., 2005, Vol. 71, pp. 35–40.
16. Publication of European Committee for Standardization Road lighting – Part 3: Calculation of performance (CEN/TR13201–3).
17. Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., Rhodes, E. Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units // European journal of operational research, 1978, Vol. 2, #6, pp. 429–444.
18. Liu J.S., Lu L.Y.Y., Lu W., Lin B.J.Y. A survey of DEA applications // Omega, 2013, Vol. 41, #5, pp. 893–902.
19. Cooper, W.W., Seiford, L.M., Tone, K. Data envelopment analysis: a comprehensive text with models, applications, references and DEA-solver software // Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
20. Amado, C. A., Santos, S. P., Sequeira, J.F. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to support the design of process improvement interventions in electricity distribution // European Journal of Operational Research, 2013, Vol. 228, #1, pp. 226–235.
21. Sullivan, L.P. Policy management through quality function deployment // Quality Progress, 1988, Vol. 21, #6, pp. 18–20.
22. Mallon, J.C., Mulligan, D.E. Quality function deployment – a system for meeting customers’ needs // Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1993, Vol. 119, #3, pp. 516–31.
23. Kumar, R., Midha, P.S. A QFD based methodology for evaluating a company’s PDM requirements for collaborative product developments // Industrial Management and Data Systems, 2001, Vol. 101, #3, p. 126e31.
24. Alinezad, A., Esfandiari, N. Supplier evaluation and selection with QFD and FAHP in pharmaceutical company // International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2013.
25. Ayag, Z., Samanlioglu, F., Buyukozkan, G. A fuzzy QFD approach to determine supply chain management strategies in the dairy industry // Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 2012.
26. Dikmen, I., Birgonul, M.T., Kiziltas, S. Strategic use of quality function deployment (QFD) in the construction industry // Building and Environment, 2005, Vol. 40, #2, pp. 245–255.
27. Cohen, L. Quality function deployment: how to make QFD work for you // Reading, MA: Addison-Wesely, 1995.
28. Carnevalli, J. A., Miguel, P.C. Review, analysis, and classification of the literature on QFD – Types of research, difficulties, and benefits // International Journal of Production Economics, 2008, Vol. 114, #2, pp. 737–754
29. Edwards, W. Social Utilities. Engineering Economist, Summer Symposium Series, 1971, Vol. 6, pp. 119–129.
30. Shakouri, H., Nabaee, M., Aliakbarisani, S. A quantitative discussion on the assessment of power supply technologies: DEA (data envelopment analysis) and SAW (simple additive weighting) as complementary methods for the “Grammar // Energy, 2014, Vol. 64, pp. 640–647.
31. Yoon, K. P., Hwang, C.L. Multiple attribute decision making: an introduction // Sage Publications, 1995, Vol. 104.
32. Brownlow, S. A., Watson, S.R. Structuring multiattribute value hierarchies // Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1987, pp. 309–317.
33. Akgun, I., Kandakoglu, A., Ozok, A.F. Fuzzy integrated vulnerability assessmentmodel for critical facilities in combating the terrorism // Expert Systems with Applications, 2010, Vol. 37, #5, pp. 3561–3573.
34. Publication of European Committee for Standardization Road lighting – Part 1: Selection of lighting classes (CEN/TR13201–1).
35. Tahkamo, L., Ylinen, A., Puolakka, M. et al. Life cycle cost analysis of three renewed street lighting installations in Finland // Int J Life Cycle Assess 17, 2012, pp. 154–164.
36. Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R.G., and Thanassoulis, E. Applied Data Envelopment Analysis // European Journal of Operational Research, 1991, Vol. 52, pp. 1–15.
37. Ayaz, R., Ozcanli, A.K., Nakir, I., Bhusal, P., Unal, A. Life cycle cost analysis on M1 and M2 road class luminaires installed in Turkey // Light Eng., 2019, Vol. 27, pp. 61–70.

1. Hansen E.H., Ene L.T., Mauya E.W., Patočka Z., Mikita T., Gobakken T., Nasset E. Comparing Empirical and Semi-Empirical Approaches to Forest Biomass Modelling in Different Biomes Using Airborne Laser Scanner Data // Forests, 2017, Vol. 8, # 170, pp. 1–17.
2. Hyperspectral images: review of sensor for pilotless aerial vehicle, data processing systems and software applications for agriculture and forestry. URL: http://geomatica.ru/clauses/giperspektralnye-snimki-obzor-sensorov-dlya-bpla-sistem-obrabotka-dannyh-i-prilozhenijdlya-selskogo-i-lesnogo-hozyajstva (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
3. Forest monitoring by using package of the satellites Rapid eye. URL: http://geomatica.ru/clauses/303 (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
4. Remote estimate technology of Russia forest resource: advanced capability and potential. URL: https://docplayer.ru/58588071-Tehnologii-distancionnoy-ocenki-lesnyh-resursov-rossii-sovremennyevozmozhnosti-i-potencial-primeneniya.html (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
5. Getzin S., Nuske R.S., Wiegand K. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to Quantify Spatial Gap Patterns in Forests // Remote Sensing, 2014, Vol. 6, #8, pp. 6988–7004.
6. Gini R., Passoni D., Pinto L., Sona G. Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Multispectral Survey and Tree Classification: A Test in A Park Area of Northern Italy // European Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014, Vol. 47, pp. 251–269.
7. Puliti S., Orka H.O., Gobakken T., Næsset E. Inventory of Small Forest Areas Using an Unmanned Aerial System // Remote Sensing, 2015, Vol. 7, pp. 9632–9654.
8. Torresan C., Berton A., Carotenuto F., Di Gennaro S.F., Gioli B., Matese A., Miglietta F., Vagnoli C., Zaldei A., Wallace L. Forestry applications of UAVs in Europe: a review // International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2016, # 8, pp. 1–21.
9. White J.C., Coops N.C., Wulder M.A., Vastaranta M., Hilker T., Tompalski P. Remote Sensing Technologies for Enhancing Forest Inventories: A Review // Can. J. Remote Sens. 2016, Vol. 42, pp. 619–640.
10. Immitzer M., Vuolo F., Atzberger C. First Experience with Sentinel‑2 Data for Crop and Tree Species Classifications in Central Europe // Remote Sensing, 2016, Vol. 8, pp. 1–27.
11. Laurin G.V., Puletti N., Hawthorne W., Liesenberg V., Corona P., Papale D., Chen Q., Valentini R. Discrimination of tropical forest types, dominant species, and mapping of functional guilds by hyperspectral and simulated multispectral Sentinel‑2 data // Remote Sensing of Environment, 2016, Vol. 176, pp. 163–176.
12. Michez A., Piégay H., Lisein J., Claessens H., Lejeune P. Classification of Riparian Forest Species and Health Condition Using Multi-Temporal and Hyperspatial Imagery from Unmanned Aerial System // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016, Vol. 188, #3, pp. 1–19.
13. Colgan M.S., Baldeck C.A., Féret J.-B., Asner G.P. Mapping Savanna Tree Species at Ecosystem Scales Using Support Vector Machine Classification and BRDF Correction on Airborne Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data // Remote Sens. 2012, Vol. 4, pp. 3462–3480.
14. Kataev M. Yu., Kartashov E. Yu. Computer Vision Method for Forest Fires Detection Based on RGB Images Obtained by Unmanned Motor Glider // Light & Engineering, 2021, Vol. 29, # 5(2), pp. 71–78.
15. Kataev Michael Yu., Dadonova Maria M., and Efremenko Dmitry S. Illumination Correction of Multi-Time RGB Images Obtained with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle // Light & Engineering, 2021, Vol. 29, # 2, pp. 50–58.
16. Holzwarth S., Thonfeld F., Abdullahi S., Asam A., Da Ponte Canova E., Gessner U., Huth J., Kraus T., Leutner B., Kuenzer C. Earth Observation Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany: A Review // Remote Sens. 2020, Vol. 12, pp. 1–43.
17. Lister A.J., Andersen H., Frescino T., Gatziolis D., Healey S., Heath L.S., Liknes G.C., McRoberts R., Moisen G.G., Nelson M., Riemann R., Schleeweis K., Schroeder T.A., Westfall J., Wilson B.T. Use of Remote Sensing Data to Improve the Efficiency of National Forest Inventories: A Case Study from the United States National Forest Inventory // Forests, 2020, Vol. 11, # 12, pp. 1–41.
18. John E., Bunting P., Hardy A., Silayo D.S., Masunga E. A Forest Monitoring System for Tanzania // Remote Sens. 2021, Vol. 13, pp. 1–29.
19. Gadallah N.A.H., Hano A., Yagoub Y. Characterizing Forest Cover Changes Based on Satellite Images cum Forest Dependents’ Data // Agriculture and Forestry Journal. 2020, Vol. 4, # 2, pp. 63–70.
20. Biswas S., Huang Q., Anand A., Mon M.S., Arnold F.E., Leimgruber P. A Multi Sensor Approach to Forest Type Mapping for Advancing Monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Myanmar // Remote Sens. 2020, Vol. 12, #19, pp. 1–21.
21. Miranda E. , Mut iara A.B. , Ernas tut i , Wibowo W.C. Forest Classification Method Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Sentinel‑2 Satellite Imagery // International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems. 2019, Vol. 19, # 4, pp. 272–282.
22. Davydov V.F., Batyrev Yu.P. Method of Stand Composition Definition [Sposob opredeleniya sostava nasazhdeniy] // Lesnoy vestnik. 2010, Vol. 7, pp. 48–52.
23. Egorov V.D., Kozodyorov V.V. Identification of Forest Vegetation Based on Hyperspectral Aerial Data [Raspoznavaniye lesnoy rastitelnosti po samolyotnym giperspektralnym dannym] // Issledovaniye Zemli iz kosmosa. 2016, Vol. 3, pp. 47–58.
24. Kozodyorov V.V., Egorov V.D. Identification of the Types of Forest Vegetation Based on High-Resolution Hyperspectral Aerial and Multi-Channel Satellite Data. Comparison of the Results and Evaluation of their Accuracy [Raspoznavaniye tipov lesnoy rastitelnosti po giperspektralnym samolyotnym i mnogokanalnym sputnikovym dannym vysokogo prostranstvennogo razresheniya. Sravneniye rezultatov i otsenka ikh tochnosti] // Issledovaniye Zemli iz kosmosa. 2019, Vol. 6, pp. 89–102.
25. Mikhailov D.M. et al. The System of Monitoring of Forest Management and Forest Health Monitoring [Sistema monitoringa lesopolzovaniya i lesopatologicheskikh izmeneniy] / Patent of Russia No. 2716477.2020. Bull. No. 8.
26. Space Systems of Thermal Infra-Red Range Remote Sensing [Kosmicheskiye sistemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya v teplovom ifrakrasnom diapazone]. URL: http://www.geogr.msu.ru/cafedra/karta/materials/heat_img/files/1/semochnye_sistemy_teplovogo_ik.htm (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
27. Hyperion. URL: https://www.usna.edu/Users/oceano/pguth/md_help/html/ hyperion.htm (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
28. Resurs-P. URL: http://russianspacesystems.ru/bussines/dzz/resurs-p (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
29. Wu W., Zhang Z., Zheng L., Han C., Wang X., Xu J., Xinrong Wang X. Research Progress on the Early Monitoring of Pine Wilt Disease Using Hyperspectral Techniques // Sensors. 2020, Vol. 20, pp. 1–16.
30. M’ayr’a J., Keski-Saari S., Kivinen S., Tanhuanp’a’a T., Hurskainen P., Kullberg P., Poikolainen L., Viinikka A., Tuominen S., Kumpula T., Vihervaara P. Tree species classification from airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data using 3D convolutional neural networks // Remote Sensing of Environment. 2021, Vol. 256, pp. 1–17.
31. Hu Y., Wu F., Sun Z., Lister A., Gao X., Li W., Peng D. The Laser Vegetation Detecting Sensor: A Full Waveform, Large-Footprint, Airborne Laser Altimeter for Monitoring Forest Resources // Sensors. 2019, Vol. 19, pp. 1–20.
32. Tamiminia H., Salehi B., Mahdianpari M., Beier C.M., Johnson L., Phoenix D.B. A comparison of decision tree-based models for forest above-ground biomass estimation using a combination of airborne lidar and landsat data / 2021 edition, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume V‑3–2021 XXIV ISPRS Congress, pp. 235–241.
33. d’Oliveira M.V.N. et al. Aboveground Biomass Estimation in Amazonian Tropical Forests: a Comparison of Aircraft- and GatorEye UAV-borne LiDAR Data in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve in Acre, Brazil // Remote Sens. 2020. – Vol. 12, pp. 1–19.
34. Suomalainen J., Oliveira R.A., Hakala T., Koivum’aki N., Markelin L., N’asi R., Honkavaara E. Direct reflectance transformation methodology for dronebased hyperspectral imaging // Remote Sensing of Environment. 2021, Vol. 266, pp. 1–19.
35. Meerdink S.K., Hook S.J., Abbott E.A., Roberts D.A. ECOSTRESS Spectral Library – Version 1.0. URL: https://speclib.jpl.nasa.gov (2018) (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
36. Clark R.N., Swayze G.A., Wise R., Livo K.E., Hoefen T.M., Kokaly R.F., Sutley, S. J., “USGS Digital Spectral Library splib06a,” U.S. Geological Survey, Data Series 231, 2007. URL: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral.lib06 (2007) (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
37. Nanosecond-lasers. URL: https://ekspla.com/products/nanosecond-lasers (date of reference: 08.08.2021).
38. Brunton S.L., Kutz J.N. Neural Networks and Deep Learning / Cambridge University Press, 2019, 291 p.
39. Haykin S.S. Neural Networks and Learning Machines, 3rd edition / Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2009, 938 p.

Public outdoor (road) lighting consumes about 1.5 % of total electrical energy consumption [1]. Therefore, if the energy consumption for public lighting can be reduced by 30 % to 50 %, great energy savings can be achieved. With the use of LEDs and modern lighting technology, this is already possible. But to distinguish good sustainable lighting from poor and unsustainable lighting that needs to be refurbished faster, we first need reliable sustainability or energy consumption indicators. This paper presents different sustainability and energy consumption indicators for public lighting and evaluates them, using data on public lighting installations from the 25 EU countries. As shown in the paper, different indicators can give completely different results, so they should be used with caution. The main problem is that not all the data needed is available. Therefore, in the future, other data should be collected in addition to the annual electrical energy consumption for public lighting.

1. Zissis G. Energy Consumption and Environmental and Economic Impact of Lighting: The Current Situation / In: Karlicek R., Sun CC., Zissis G., Ma R. (eds) Handbook of Advanced Lighting Technology. 2016, Springer, Cham.
2. CIE International Commission on Illumination, Road Lighting as an Accident Countermeasure, Vienna, Austria, 1992.
3. Bizjak, G.; Kobav, M.B. Ocena možnosti za zmanjšanje porabe električne energije pri notranji in zunanji razsvetljavi [Assessment of the possibilities for reducing the consumption of electricity in indoor and outdoor lighting], Study for ELES, Ljubljana, 2008.
4. Van Tichelen P., Geerken T., Jansen B., Vanden Bosch M. (Laborelec), Van Hoof, V., Vanhooydonck, L. (Kreios), Vercalsteren A. Final Report Lot 9: Public Street Lighting / Study for the European Commission, DGTREN unit D3, 2007.
5. Uredba o mejnih vrednostih svetlobnega onesnaževanja okolja (Decree of maximum values of light pollution); Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia no. 81/2007, modifications 109/2007, 62/2010 and 46/2013.
6. Peris-Mora E., Diez Orejas J.M., Subirats A., Ibáñez S., Alvarez P. Development of a system of indicators for sustainable port management // Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005, Vol. 50, pp. 1649–1660.
7. Jägerbrand A.K. New Framework of Sustainable Indicators for Outdoor LED (Light Emitting Diodes) // Lighting and SSL (Solid State Lighting), Sustainability, 2015, Vol. 7, pp. 1028–1063.
8. United Nations. Agenda 21: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio; United Nations, New York, NY, USA, 1992.
9. Litman T. Well Measured. Developing Indicators for Sustainable and Livable Transport Planning, vtpi.org, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, U.S., Victoria, BC, USA, 2014, pp. 1–98.
10. Prelovšek M., Bizjak G., Kobav M.B. Public lighting energy consumption in Slovenian municipalities from 2007 to 2011 // Elektrotehniški vestnik, [English print ed.]. 2012, Vol. 79, # 3, pp. 87–92.
11. Ylinen A., Bizjak G., Puolakka M., Halonen L. Road lighting practices and energy-efficiency – Slovenia and Finland // Ingineria iluminatului, 2011, Vol. 13, # 1, pp. 29–44.
12. European standard EN13201–5: 2015 Road lighting –Part 5: Energy performance indicators.
13. Rabaza O., Peña-García A., Pérez-Ocón F., Gómez-Lorente D. A simple method for designing efficient public lighting, based on new parameter relationship // Expert Systems with Application, 2013, Vol 40, pp. 7305–7315.
14. Silva J., Mendez J.F. G., Silva L.T. Assessment of energy efficiency in street lighting design // WIT Transaction on Ecology and the Environment, 2010, Vol. 129, pp. 705–715.
15. Bizjak G., Kobav M.B., Ylinen A.M., Puolakka M., Halonen L. How energy efficient is road lighting practice in Slovenia // Light & Engineering, 2012, Vol. 20, # 3, pp. 82–88.
16. Ylinen A. M., Puolakka M., Halonen L., Bizjak G. Road lighting in change – towards better energy-efficiency in Finland // Light & Engineering, 2012, Vol. 20, # 3, pp. 89–95.
17. Data on population from Eurostat for 2007, source dataset: DEMO_GIND, extracted on 08.01.2020, last update: 09.10.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_GIND/default/table?lang=en
18. Data on Area by NUTS3 region from Eurostat for 2007, extracted on 16.12.2020, last update: 25.08.2020, https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_r_d3area&lang=en
19. European Union Road Federation, European Road Statistics Yearbook 2017, Brussels, Belgium, www.erf.be, https://erf.be/publications/erf-road-statistics‑2017/
20. Data on real GDP per capita from Eurostat for 2007, source dataset: NAMA_10_PC, extracted on 08.01.2021, last update: 04.01.2021, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_08_10/default/table?lang=en

Underwater optical wireless communication system supplies extraordinary enthusiasm to the military, industry, and mainstream researchers, as it assumes a significant job in strategic observation, contamination checking, oil control and upkeep, seaward investigations, environmental change seeing, and oceanography research. To encourage every one of these exercises, there is an expansion in the quantity of unmanned vehicles or gadgets conveyed submerged, which require high data transmission and high limit with regards to data move submerged. Even if massive advancement has been made in the field of acoustic correspondence submerged, be that as it may, it is restricted by data transfer ability. This has prompted the expansion of underwater optical wireless communication system as it gives higher information rates than the customary acoustic correspondence frameworks with fundamentally lower power use and less difficult computational complexities for short-extend remote connections. Underwater optical wireless communication has numerous potential applications running from profound seas to beach front waters. Be that as it may, the greatest test for underwater optical wireless communication system from the principal attributes of sea or ocean water. Tending to these difficulties requires an exhaustive comprehension of complex physic-compound natural frameworks. This paper gives a comprehensive outline of ongoing advances in underwater optical wireless communication. Channel representation, parameter plans, suitable wavelength of underwater optical wireless communication, light used for optical communication, various noise sources, analysis of received and transmitted power are discussed for to underwater optical wireless communication. This paper not just gives comprehensive examination in underwater optical wireless communication system in addition intends to give the improvement of new thoughts that would help in the development of future underwater optical wireless communication.

1. M. Stojanovic, Recent advances in high-speed underwater acoustic communications // IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 1996, Vol. 21, #2, pp. 125–136.
2. M. Doniec, M. Angermann, and D. Rus, An end-to-end signal strength model for underwater optical communications // IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 2013, Vol. 38, #4, pp. 743–757.
3. H.-P. Tan, R. Diamant, W.K. Seah, and M. Waldmeyer, A survey of techniques and challenges in underwater localization // Ocean Engineering, 2011, Vol. 38, #14, pp. 1663–1676.
4. H. Ochi, Y. Watanabe, and T. Shimura, Basic Study of Underwater Acoustic Communication Using 32-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation // Japanese J. of App. Physics, 2005, Vol. 44, #6S, p. 4689.
5. H. C. Song and W.S. Hodgkiss, Efficient use of bandwidth for underwater acoustic communication // The J. of the Acous. Soc. of Am., 2013, Vol. 134, #2, pp. 905–908.
6. G. Tuna and V.C. Gungor, A survey on deployment techniques, localization algorithms, and research challenges for underwater acoustic sensor networks // Int. J. of Commun. Sys., 2017, Vol. 30, #17, pp. 1–21.
7. J. Luo, L. Fan, S. Wu, and X. Yan, Research on Localization Algorithms Based on Acoustic Communication for Underwater Sensor Networks // Sensors, 2018, Vol. 18, #1, pp. 1–25.
8. C. Wang, H.-Y. Yu, Y.-J. Zhu, T. Wang, and Y.-W. Ji, Multi-LED parallel transmission for long distance underwater VLC system with one SPAD receiver // Opt. Commun., Vol. 410, pp. 889–895, Dec. 2017.
9. J. Xu, M. Kong, A. Lin, Y. Song, X. Yu, F. Qu, J. Han, and N. Deng, OFDM-based broadband underwater wireless optical communication system using a compact blue LED // Opt. Commun., 2016, Vol. 369, #Supplement C, pp. 100–105.
10. H. M. Oubei, J.R. Duran, B. Janjua, H.-Y. Wang, C.-T. Tsai, Y.-C. Chi, T.K. Ng, H.-C. Kuo, J.-H. He, M.- S. Alouini, G.-R. Lin, and B.S. Ooi, 4.8 Gbit/s 16-QAMOFDM transmission based on compact 450-nm laser for underwater wireless optical communication // Opt. Express, 2015, Vol. 23, #18, pp. 23 302–23 309.
11. M. G.G. Camila, S. R.D. Paulo, L. R.C. Marcello, A.M. Wallace, M.C. Felipe, and N.G. Jonathan, A survey of underwater wireless communication technologies // J. of Commun. and Info. Sys., 2016, Vol. 31, #1, pp. 242–255.
12. L. J. Johnson, R.J. Green, and M.S. Leeson, Underwater optical wireless communications: depth dependent variations in attenuation // Appl. Opt., 2013, Vol. 52, #33, pp. 7867–7873.
13. S. P. Najda, P. Perlin, T. Suski, L. Marona, M. Leszczyski, P. Wisniewski, R. Czernecki, R. Kucharski, G. Targowski, M.A. Watson, H. White, S. Watson, and A.E. Kelly, AlGaInN laser diode technology for GHz high-speed visible light communication through plastic optical fiber and water // Opt. Engineering, 2016, Vol. 55, #6, p. 55.
14. I. Vasilescu, C. Detweiler, M. Doniec, D. Gurdan, S. Sosnowski, J. Stumpf, and D. Rus, AMOUR V: A hovering energy efficient underwater robot capable of dynamic payloads // The Int. J. of Rob. Res., 2010, Vol. 29, #5, pp. 547–570.
15. A. Y. Teymorian, W. Cheng, L. Ma, X. Cheng, X. Lu, and Z. Lu, 3D Underwater Sensor Network Localization // IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., 2009, Vol. 8, #12, pp. 1610–1621.
16. D. Pompili and I.F. Akyildiz, Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications // IEEE Commun. Mag., 2009, Vol. 47, #1, pp. 97–102.
17. M. V. Jamali, J.A. Salehi, and F. Akhoundi, Performance studies of underwater wireless optical communication systems with spatial diversity: MIMO scheme // IEEE Trans. Commun., 2017, Vol. 65, #3, pp. 1176–1192.
18. D. Toublanc, Henyey-Greenstein and Mie phase functions in Monte Carlo radiative transfer computing, Appl. Opt., 1996, Vol. 35, #18, pp. 3270–3274.
19. J. H. Smart, Underwater optical communications Systems part 1: variability of water optical parameters // IEEE Military Commun. Conf., (MILCOM), Oct. 2005, pp. 1140–1146 Vol. 2.
20. A. L. Alldredge and M.W. Silver, Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow // Progress in Oceanography, 1988, Vol. 20, #1, pp. 41–82.
21. C. Li, K.H. Park, and M.S. Alouini, On the use of a direct radiative transfer equation solver for path loss calculation in underwater optical wireless channels // IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 2015, Vol. 4, #5, pp. 561–564.
22. M. Holohan and J. Dainty, Low-order adaptive optics: a possible use in underwater imaging? // Opt. & Laser Techno., 1997, Vol. 29, #1, pp. 51–55.
23. W. C. Cox, B.L. Hughes, and J.F. Muth, A polarization shiftkeying system for underwater optical communications // OCEANS, 2009, pp. 1–4.
24. B. Cochenour, L. Mullen, and A. Laux, Phase coherent digital communications for wireless optical links in turbid underwater environments // OCEANS, Sep. 2007, pp. 1–5.
25. Y. Ata and Y. Baykal, Scintillations of optical plane and spherical waves in underwater turbulence // J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 2014, Vol. 31, #7, pp. 1552–1556.
26. M. A. Khalighi and M. Uysal, Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective // IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., 2014, Vol. 16, #4, pp. 2231–2258.
27. C. Gabriel, M.A. Khalighi, S. Bourennane, P. Leon, and V. Rigaud, Monte-Carlo-based channel characterization for underwater optical communication systems, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2013, Vol. 5, #1, pp. 1–12.
28. Vladimir P. Budak, Dmitry S. Efremenko, Pavel A. Smirnov, Fraunhofer Diffraction Description In The Approximation Of The Light Field Theory // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #5.
29. Vladimir P. Budak, Victor S. Zheltov, Tatiyana V. Meshkova, Victor D. Chembaev, Experimental Study of the New Criterion of Lighting Quality Based on Analysis of Luminance Distribution at Moscow Metro Stations // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #3.
30. Svetlana Yu. Minaeva, Vladimir P. Budak, Studies of Application of LED-Based Lighting Devices in a Car Assembly Shop // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #6.
31. Alexander V. Leonidov, Changes in Irradiance and Illuminance on Earth Surface during 11-Year Solar Activity Cycle // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #2, pp. 61–66.
32. B. Cochenour, L. Mullen, and J. Muth, Effect of scattering albedo on attenuation and polarization of light underwater // Optics Letters, 2010, Vol. 35, #12, pp. 2088–2090.
33. W. Cox and J. Muth, Simulating channel losses in an underwater optical communication system // Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2014, Vol. 31, #5, pp. 920–934.
34. Y.-C. Chi, D.-H. Hsieh, C.-T. Tsai, H.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Kuo, and G.-R. Lin, 450-nm GaN laser diode enables high-speed visible light communication with 9-Gbps QAM-OFDM // Optics Express, 2015, Vol. 23, #10, pp. 13051–13059.
35. K. Nakamura, I. Mizukoshi, and M. Hanawa, Optical wireless transmission of 405 nm, 1.45 Gbit/s optical IM/DD-OFDM signals through a 4.8 m underwater channel, Opt Express, 2015, Vol. 23, #2, pp. 1558–66.
36. R. J. Hill, Optical propagation in turbulent water // Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1978, Vol. 68, #8, pp. 1067–1072.
37. W. Lu, L. Liu, J. Sun, Q. Yang, and Y. Zhu, Change in degree of coherence of partially coherent electromagnetic beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence // Optics Communications, 2007, Vol. 271, #1, pp. 1–8.
38. T. Wiener and S. Karp, The Role of Blue/Green Laser Systems in Strategic Submarine Communications // IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1980, Vol. 28, #9, pp. 1602–1607.
39. X. Yi, Z. Li, and Z. Liu, Underwater optical communication performance for laser beam propagation through weak oceanic turbulence // Applied Optics, 2015, Vol. 54, #6, pp. 1273–1278.
40. J. J. Puschell, R.J. Giannaris, and L. Stotts, The Autonomous Data Optical Relay Experiment: first two way laser communication between an aircraft and submarine, in [Proceedings] NTC‑92: National Telesystems Conference, 1992, pp. 14/27–14/30.
41. L. Mullen, D. Alley, and B. Cochenour, Investigation of the effect of scattering agent and scattering albedo on modulated light propagation in water // Applied Optics, 2011, Vol. 50, #10, pp. 1396–1404.
42. L. Mullen, A. Laux, and B. Cochenour, Propagation of modulated light in water: implications for imaging and communications systems // Applied Optics, 2009, Vol. 48, #14, pp. 2607–2612.
43. B. Cochenour, L. Mullen, and J. Muth, Temporal Response of the Underwater Optical Channel for High-Bandwidth Wireless Laser Communications, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2013, Vol. 38, #4, pp. 730–742.
44. H. M. Oubei, C. Li, K.-H. Park, T.K. Ng, M.-S. Alouini, and B.S. Ooi, 2.3 Gbit/s underwater wireless optical communications using directly modulated 520nm laser diode // Optics Express, 2015, Vol. 23, #16, pp. 20743–20748.
45. H. M. Oubei, R.T. ElAfandy, K.H. Park, T.K. Ng, M.S. Alouini, and B.S. Ooi, Performance Evaluation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links in the Presence of Different Air Bubble Populations // IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, Vol. 9, #2, pp. 1–9.
46. A. E. Willner et al., Underwater optical communications using orbital angular momentum-based spatial division multiplexing // Optics Communications, 2018, Vol. 408, pp. 21–25.
47. D. A. Kolovayev, Investigation of the concentrationand statistical size distribution of wind-produced bubbles in the near-surface ocean // Oceanol., Engl. Transl., 1976, Vol. 15, pp. 659–661.
48. D. Arnush, Underwater Light-Beam Propagation in the Small-Angle-Scattering Approximation // Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1972, Vol. 62, #9, pp. 1109–1111.
49. S. Jaruwatanadilok, Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Channel Modeling and Performance Evaluation using Vector Radiative Transfer Theory // IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2008, Vol. 26, #9, pp. 1620–1627.
50. S. Sakthivel Murugan, V. Natarajan, R. Rajesh Kumar, Noise Model Analysis and Estimation of Effect due to Wind Driven Ambient Noise in Shallow Water // International Journal of Oceanography, 2011, Vol. 2011, 4 p.
51. Y. m. Lin and P. l. Tien, Next-generation OFDMAbased passive optical network architecture supporting radio-over-fiber // IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2010, Vol. 28, #6, pp. 791–799.
52. J. Baghdady et al., Multi-gigabit/s underwater optical communication link using orbital angular momentum multiplexing // Optics Express, 2016, Vol. 24, #9, pp. 9794–9805.

The GSM based Arduino controlled smart street illumination system with remote controlling and illuminance logging sub-systems has been developed for common streets, where street luminaires are controlled and operated manually. This system is controlled by a microcontroller and various sensors installed in the system. The street luminaires can also be used by a simple mobile phone with better planning than existing one. It can be turned off or on by sending simple messages and this system has an illuminance sensor and a real-time clock (RTC) also. As a result, the light can glow automatically just by calculating the time of the day and ambient illuminance level. Moreover, if a motion on the street in-front of installed PIR (passive infra-red) sensor is detected, it turns on the light. When there is no movement, the luminaire glows at 20 % of its maximum illuminance value. In this way, energy savings can be done. This system has another specification. It can log the illuminance values of surrounding area for entire day for few years in a simple text file with a date and time tag.

1. Andrzej O., Jakub G. Energy saving in the street lighting control system—a new approach based on the EN-15232 standard // Energy Efficiency, Springer, 2017, Vol. 10, pp. 563–576.
2. Mukherjee, Sh., Satvaya, P., Mazumdar, S. Development of a Microcontroller Based Emergency Lighting System with Smoke Detection and Mobile Communication Facilities // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #1, pp. 46-50.
3. Bag M., Mazumdar S., Ray K. A Cost-Effective Illuminance Sensor for DaylightHarvesting Lighting Control Systems // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #4, pp. 103-110.
4. Yusaku F., Noriaki Y., Akihiro T., and Naoya O. Smart street light system with energy saving function based on the sensor networ. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Future energy systems // ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2013, pp. 271–272.
5. Gursoy M., Dindar B., Gul O. A Novel Strategy For Transformation Of Conventional Road Lighting To Smart Road Lighting // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #5, pp. 97-105.
6. Infinium Global Research Connected (Smart) Street Lights Market: Global Industry Analysis, Trends, Market Size and Forecasts up to 2024, Report, July 2018.
7. Rajput K.Y., Khatav G., Pujari M., Yadav P. Intelligent street lighting system using GSM // International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726, March, 2013.
8. Akash R.B., Holabasappa K., Kiran Kumar D.M., Mardi K., Nandini B.M. Street Light Monitoring And Controlling system // International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research, ISSN (Online): 2349 – 9745, ISSN (Print): 2393 – 8161, April, 2015.
9. Joseph J. F., Durand D. A., Gowtham V. Smart Street Light Unit (SSLU) with Embedded System // International Journal of Modern Communication Technologies & Research (IJMCTR), ISSN: 2321-0850, July 2018.
10. Angeline R., Gokul B., Prashanth B., Hareesh P., Animesh Singh Monitoring And Controlling Of Street Lamp Using Gsm Technology // International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), ISSN (Online): 2395-0056, ISSN (Print): 2395-0072, Oct, 2018.
11. Anila D. Y., Jaya Prakash V. GSM Based Remote Control System Of High Efficiency Intelligent Street Lighting System Using A Zigbee Network Of Devices And Sensor // International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), ISSN (Online): 2319-7064, 2012.
12. Shariz Ansari M., Srivastava T., Saxena R., Singh S. GSM Based Street Light Automation // International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875, May 2015.
13. Harshitha K. M., LubnaTaranum L., Mamatha G., Divya K. V. Automatic Street Light Control, Fault Detection And Traffic Density Control // International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798, June 2017.
14. Shilpashree R. N., Shruthi H. O., Smitha S, Veenashree C. N., Arpitha Shankar S. I. GSM Based Automation Of Street Light // International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, ISSN 2348 – 7968, May 2014.
15. Johnson A., Phadke A., S. de la R. du Can Energy Savings Potential For Street Lighting In India // Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, This work was funded by the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, and administered by the U.S. Department of Energy in support of the Superefficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231, Feb 2014.
16. Pasolini G., Toppan P., Zabini F., De Castro C., Andrisano O. Design, Deployment And Evolution Of Heterogeneous Smart Public Lighting Systems, applied sciences, MDPI, ISSN 2076-3417 CODEN: ASPCC7, August 2019.

Light design as a prominent and self-sufficient branch of design has appeared and developed abroad and is a rather new part of Russian design practice. Along with solving practical problems, it is time to think on the aspects of training of light design specialists in Russian design universities. Engineering and technical, and partially artistic aspects in light design education, have international nature to a great extent, but the new specialty has been acquiring its own distinctions in Russia, which are mainly related to aesthetical problems of the profession and specific understanding of the cultural and historical context. These national distinctions have first appeared in practice and theoretical studies and then they began being translated into the educational sphere, turning into authorial education programmes and techniques and predetermining selection of design problems and their implementation methods. Light design implies training of interdisciplinary specialists, which requires a comprehensive approach to development of the educational process including innovative-technological as well as humanitarian sections, forming an unconventional model of the educational process.
The Environment Design sub-department of Moscow State Stroganov Academy of Design and Applied Arts, the oldest Russian art and industry school, has gained a rich experience in artistic design in the field of light design, which comprises all leading professional trends. The methods of conventional artistic design, computer modelling, and animation skills as well as the knowledge included in the new discipline “The Basics of Light Design” have allowed developing of term and graduation projects having consideration for specific practical requirements and aiming at their future implementation.

1. URL: https://www.lidschool.org/ (date of reference: 20.05.2021).
2. Bystryantseva N.V., Smilga I.S., Chirimisina D.A., and Lukinskaya V.V. Development of Visual Thinking of Students Specialising in Lighting Design as Part of the Light Modelling Principles and Methods Discipline // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, # 6, pp. 76–85.
3. URL: https://busedu.hse.ru/catalog/258428958.html (date of reference: 29.05.2021).
4. Shimko V.T., Utkin M.F., Runge V.F. Architectural Interior Design. Problems and Trends [Arkhiteturno-dizaynerskoye proektirovaniye interyera. Problemy i tendentsii] / Moscow: Arkhitektura-S, 2011, 256 p.
5. Budak V.P., Kovyrkova M.D., Makarov D.N., Minaeva S. Yu., Skornyakova A.A. Light Design – Development of Creativity of Light Engineering Students [Svetovoy dizain – vospitaniye tvorcheskikh sposobnostey u studentov-svetotekhnikov] // Svetotekhnika, 2019, # 1, pp. 80–83.
6. Budak. V.P., Makarov D.N. Computer Modelling of Lighting [Kompyuternoye modelirovaniye osveshcheniya]. URL: http://lightonline.ru/svet/articles/ComputerModeling.html (date of reference: 20.05.2021).
7. Nazarov Yu.V. Discussion of the Problem of Light Design [Diskussiya po probleme svetovogo dizaina] // Svetotekhnika, 2018, # 4, pp. 80–81.
8. URL: www.altie.ru/events/413-svetliy-misli‑2016. html (date of reference: 20.05.2021).
9. URL: https://newtonew.com/science/science-art (date of reference: 20.05.2021).
10. Lekus E. Yu., Bystryantseva N.V. Lighting Design: Light as Material, Technology, Form [Svetovoy dizain: svet kak material, tekhnologiya, forma] // Proceedings of the international scientific conference “Material-Technology-Form as the Universal Triad in Design, Architecture, Fine and Decorative Arts”, Moscow: Moscow State Stroganov Academy of Design and Applied Arts, 2018, pp. 447–451.
11. Edensor T. The gloomy city: Rethinking the relationship between light and dark // Urban Studies, 2015, Vol 52. # 2, pp. 422–438, DOI: 10.1177/0042098013504009. – 422–438. (435).

In recent years, the illumination in Turkey has increased significantly with the spread of LED technology. The main difficulty in illumination historical artifacts is to accurately reveal their identities by animating visual details, content, and emotions with efficient lighting installation, thus preserving their integrity, and carrying them into the future. The study aims to make historical artifacts more attractive with 3D simulation, prevent visual discomfort, and reduce energy loss. This report is the first attempt to address the illumination of the Aphrodisias open-air museum found in the west of Turkey. The 3D simulation is implemented and analysed for the selected zones. The desired results are successfully achieved through the simulation and experimental studies by finding the light sources with performance parameters, such as CCT, CRI, and luminous efficacy according to the location and texture. The results promote modern technologies for the openair museums in Turkey and offer solutions for safe night visits, energy efficient illumination, and enhancing visual aesthetics.

1. D. Katunsky, E. Dolnikova, and S. Doroudiani, Integrated Lighting Efficiency Analysis in Large Industrial Buildings to Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality // Buildings, 2017, Vol. 7, #4.
2. G. N.C. Nicolai I. Shepetkov, and Vladimir A. Novikov, Lighting of engineering structures and industrial facilities- new aspects of the topic, Light & Engineering, 2018, Vol. 26, #3, pp. 29–36.
3. F. G. Montoya, A. Peña-García, A. Juaidi, and F. Manzano-Agugliaro, Indoor lighting techniques: An overview of evolution and new trends for energy saving // Energy and Buildings, 2017, Vol. 140, pp. 50–60.
4. J. Cho, J.H. Park, J.K. Kim, and E.F. Schubert, White light‐emitting diodes: History, progress, and future // Laser & photonics reviews, 2017, Vol. 11, #2, p. 1600147.
5. J. n. Schanda, What Is Colour Fidelity In Museum Lighting? // Light & Engineering, 2014, Vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 51–58.
6. A. B. a. S. Mazumdar, A Study of The Suitability of Led Light Sources Over Conventional Light Sources in A Museum Environment // Light & Engineering, 2016, Vol. 24, #1, pp. 36–40.
7. S. V. Koynov and D.M. Hodyrev, Museum Lighting: Approach, Example and Direction (in English) // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #4, pp. 93–100.
8. R. S. Berns, Designing White-Light LED Lighting for the Display of Art: A Feasibility Study (accessed).
9. M. M. a. J.V. Fahimeh Nikoudel, Nocturnal Architecture Of Buildings: Interaction Of Exterior Lighting And Visual Beauty // Light & Engineering, 2018, Vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 81–90.
10. A. Tereci and O. Ozata, Analysis and Strategies for Zonal Lighting Design of Konya Mevlana Museum and Mevlana Culture Centre Axis (in English) // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #3, pp. 22–30.
11. Y.-J. Y. Yoonjo Choi, Hong-Gyoo Sohn, Resilient cultural heritage through digital cultural heritage cube: Two cases in South Korea // Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2021, Vol. 48, pp. 36–44.
12. ABogdanov, A.V. and Smirnov, V.A., Why It Is Necessary To Revise The Standards Of Exhibition Lighting // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #4, pp. 5–10.
13. Boos, G. V., Bartseva, A. A., Chernyak, A. Sh., Kuznetsova, A. B., Rozovsky E.I. The State of Museum Lighting in Russia // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #2, pp. 38–46.
14. S. Cevik, S. Vural, F. Tavsan, and Ö. Asik, An example to renovation–revitalization works in historical city centres: Kunduracılar Street/Trabzon-Turkey // Building and Environment, 2008, Vol. 43, #5, pp. 950–962.
15. K. Thorpe, Protection of Cultural Heritage as Social, Political and Economic Issues // Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) vol. I ed. Singapore: Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd., 2009.
16. İ. İ. K.T. Murujuga, Efes Antik Kenti, https://izmir.ktb.gov.tr/TR‑91748/selcuk.html (accessed May 15, 2020).
17. M. S. Rea, The IESNA lighting handbook reference & application, 9th ed. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2000.
18. UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1519/(accessed February 5, 2021.
19. “Aphrodisias.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodisias (accessed 25 Jaunary, 2021.
20. K. Welch, The Stadium at Aphrodisias // Archaeological Institute of America, 1998, Vol. 102, #3, pp. 547–569.
21. Aphrodisias 2019 Result Report, T.C. Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums, 2019.
22. W. C. Wei Lai, Xianming Liu, and Xiaohua Lei, Optimal design of light distribution of LED luminaries for road lighting // Proc. SPIE8123, Eleventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, 81231P 24 September 2011.
23. W. D. v. D. Guangjun Lu, Xuejun Fan, M. Yazdan Mehr, Jiajie Fan, Cheng Qian, G.Q. Zhang, A POF Based Breakdown Method for LED Lighting Colour Shift Reliability // 12th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting (SSLCHINA), 2015.
24. M. A.-A. Ivan Moreno, Tonatiuh Saucedo-A, and Alejandra Bugarin, Modeling LED street lighting // Applied Optics, 2014, Vol. 53, #20, pp. 4420–4430.

1. Phillips, D. Daylight in architecture. Oxford. 114–141. Burlington: Architectural Press. 2004.
2. Djalilova, L., Sahin, B.E. A Review on the Applications of Daylight Usage in Sustainable School Design // Artium, 2020, Vol. 8, #1, pp. 44–60.
3. Arpacioglu, U., Çalışkan, C.I., Sahin, B., Odevci, N. In Architectural Planning, A Fictional Design Support Model for Increasing Daylight Efficiency // Design Theory, 2020, Vol. 16, #29, pp. 53–78.
4. Agency, I. E. A. (IEA) S. H. and C., Programme, e. C. in B. & C. S. E. (2000). Daylight in buildings. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
5. Koknel Yener, A. Daylight Analysis in Classrooms with Solar Control // Architectural Science Review, 2002, Vol. 45, #4, pp. 311–316.
6. Arpacioglu, U. An Important Factor for Spatial Quality and Comfort is: Daylight. Architecture, 2012, 368, pp. 48–53.
7. Aykal, F.D., Gumuş, B., Unver, F.R., Ozgur, M. An Approach in Evaluation of Re-Functional Historical Buildings in view of Daylighting A Case Study in Diyarbakir Turkey // Light and Engineering, 2011, Vol. 19, #2,pp. 64–76.
8. Onaygil, S., Guler, O. Determination of the Energy Saving by Daylight Responsive Lighting Control Systems with an Example from Istanbul // Building and Environment, 2003, Vol. 38, #7, pp. 973–977.
9. Costanzo, V., Evola, G., Marletta, L. A Review of Daylighting Strategies in Schools. State of the Art and Expected Future Trends // Buildings, 2017, Vol. 7, #41, pp. 1–21.
10. Erel, B. A Research on New Technologies Developed in the Field of Daylight Lighting, Institute of science, 2004.
11. Unver, F.R., Ozturk, L., Akın Adıgüzel, S., Çelik, O. The effect of the facade alternatives on the daylight illumination in offices // Energy and Buildings, 2003, Vol. 35, #8, pp. 737–746.
12. Mangkuto, R. A., Rohmah, M., Asri, A.D. Design optimization for window size, orientation, and wall reflection regarding various daylight metrics and lighting energy demand: A case study of buildings in the tropics // Applied Energy, 2016, Vol. 164, pp. 211–219.
12. Koknel Yener, A. Performance Analysis of Window Glazing from Visual Comfort and Energy Conservation Points of View // Architectural Science Review, 2003. Vol. 46, #4, pp. 395–401.
13. Kurtay, C. Design of the External Environment for Proper Daylight in Indoor Volumes // Gazi University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 2002, Vol. 17, #3, pp. 75–87.
14. Erlalelitepe, I., Aral, D., and Kazanasmaz, T. Investigation of Educational Structures in Terms of Natural Lighting Performance // Megaron, 2011, Vol. 6, #1, pp. 39–51.
15. Serefhanoglu Sozen, M. Lighting is Technical and Aesthetic // Arrademento Journal of Architecture, 2011, Vol. 5, pp. 116.
16. Unver, F.R., Ozturk, L. An example of facade color design of mass housing // Color Research & Application, 2001, Vol. 27, #4, pp. 291–299.
17. Ozturk, L. The effect of luminance distribution on interior perception // Architectural Science Review, 2003, Vol. 46, #3, pp. 233–238.
18. Okutan, O. Basic Principles of Daylight Lighting and Advanced Daylight Lighting Systems // Master’s Thesis, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, 2008, pp. 132s.
19. Kurtay, C., Esen, O. A method for ensuring optimal efficiency in the design of light shelves for office structures at latitudes 30° and 45° // Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, 2018.
20. Kutlu, R. It is Used as a Design Element // The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 2019, Vol. 9, #2, pp. 226–233.
21. Cengiz, C., Cengiz, M.S. Design and Road Luminance Relationship in Tunnel Lighting // IMAEC1st International Congress of Mathematics, Architecture, Engineering-UBSDER Congresses, Jakarta – Indonesia, February 26–28, 2021, pp. 19–26.
22. Cengiz, M.S., Cengiz, C. Use of Direct and Semi-Direct Lighting in Tunnel Lighting for Tourism Purposes // IMAEC1st International Congress of Mathematics, Architecture, Engineering-UBSDER Congresses, Jakarta – Indonesia, February 26–28, 2021. pp. 11–18.
23. Efe, S.B., Varhan, D. Interior Lighting of a Historical Building by Using LED Luminaires A Case Study of Fatih Pasha Mosque // Light and Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #4, pp. 77–83.
24. Guler, O., Onaygil, S. The Effect of Luminance Uniformity on Visibility Level in Road Lighting // Lighting Research & Technology, 2003, Vol. 35, #3, pp. 199–215.
25. CEN EN12464–1:2011 (Main) Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places, 01-Jun‑2011.
26. TSE – TS EN12464–1 Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places, 21 February 2013.
27. Cibuk, M., Cengiz, M.S. Determination of Energy Consumption According to Wireless Network Topologies In Grid-Free Lighting Systems // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #2, pp. 67–76.
28. Cengiz, M.S. Simulation and Design Study for Interior Zone Luminance in Tunnel Lighting // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #2, pp. 42–51.
29. Pelsan-Indoor Lighting Fixtures Document 2021
30. Cengiz, M.S. Effects of Luminaire Angle and Illumination Topology On Illumination Parameters In Road Lighting // Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, #4, pp. 47–56.
31. Cengiz, Ç., Cengiz, M.S. The Relationship Between Shadow and Visional Comfort In Indoor Areas // II. International Halich Congress On Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 29-30.10.2021, Istanbul.
32. Cengiz, M.S. The Relationship between Maintenance Factor and Lighting Level in Tunnel Lighting // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, #3, pp. 75–88.
33. Cengiz, Ç., Cengiz, M.S. Using Symmetric and Asymmetric Lens In Urban Lighting // II. International Halich Congress On Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 29-30.10.2021, Istanbul.
34. Onaygil S., TEDAS General Directorate Vocational Training Seminar, TEDAŞ Printing House, Ankara, 2005. pp. 1–70.
35. Akalp, O., Ozbay, H., Efe S.B., Design and Analysis of High-Efficiency Driver Model for LED Luminaires // Light and Engineering, 2021, Vol. 29, #2, pp. 96–106.
36. Cengiz, M.S., Cengiz, C. Numerical Analysis of Tunnel LED Lighting Maintenance Factor // IIUM Engineering Journal, 2018, Vol. 19, #2, pp. 154–163.
37. Efe, S.B. UPFC Based Real-Time Optimization of Power Systems for Dynamic Voltage Regulation // Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 2018, Vol. 116, #3, pp. 391–406.
38. Onaygil S., TEDAŞ General Directorate Vocational Training Seminar-Golbaşı Training Facilities // Road Lighting Seminar January 23–24, 2007.
39. Cengiz, M.S. Effects of Luminaire Angle on Illumination Performance in Tunnel Lighting // Balkan Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2019, Vol. 7, #3, pp. 250–256.