To avoid disappointments with LED lighting installations, detailed knowledge of the typical characteristics of the many different solid-state light sources is essential, while already long-available information on vision and colour seeing has to be combined with entirely new fundamental research on the relationship between lighting on the one hand and vision, performance, comfort, health and well-being on the other hand. Lighting has apart from visual effects also far-reaching non-visual biological effects. These effects influence the way our body “operates” and therefore, influence our health, well-being and alertness. Interior lighting installations today have to be designed so that they provide both suitable visual and non-visual biological effects, while adverse effects of lighting, like flicker, blue light hazard and disruption of the biological clock, are avoided.
LEDs offer the possibility to use them not only for lighting but also for data transmission. The use of LED lighting as a means for data communication is referred to as “light beyond illumination”. Visible Light Communication (VLC), LiFi, and light itself used as sensor are part of this subject. The modern lighting professional has to get familiarised with these new technologies and applications.
The author of this article published in 2019 the book “Interior Lighting, fundamentals, technology and application” with Springer [1]. It discusses in 500 pages all topics important for the up-to-date interior lighting professional. The present overview article is entirely based on this book and follows the same chapter structure. Each chapter also describes, as an example, one or two crucial aspects in more detail.

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The purpose of this research is to reach good correlation between sun load simulation and solar focusing test for exterior automotive lighting products. Light coming from sun is highly collimated (parallel rays) and focusable from lenses with concave structure. Focusing incidence leads to a hot spot on lens surrounding plastic parts which may cause melting failures at high temperature zones. Sun load simulation is performing to eliminate risk of discoloration, deformation, out gassing, coating failures and fire with prolonged exposure from field. Irradiance values in W/m2 defined in simulation as heat source depending of an angle of incidence of the sun radiation. At first step, simulation is performing with 5 degree intervals to define the critical zones then intervals decreased to 2 degree to detect the critical azimuth and inclination angles. Critical azimuth and inclination angles is checking with ray trace analysis to check the bouncing of sun rays and possible solution to eliminate focuses with design solutions. After numerical analysis to release and validate the automotive lighting products regarding the sun load test, measurement with first parts is necessary. Measurement is performing for all critical angles which have been detected at simulation with thermal camera under ultra high-collimation solar simulator. Measured temperatures are settled according to environment conditions and correlation is checking with simulations.

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A spectrally tuneable colour light source (TCLS) has been designed and constructed at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany. It consists of an integrating sphere with 24 LEDs which are driven by a computer-controlled power supply. It is intended for producing any visible spectral distribution and to mimic various light sources for use in laboratories as a calibration source. With the help of an integrated spectrometer, a closed loop operation was introduced to improve the performance of the TCLS and to spectrally stabilize its output spectrum. Before practical realization of the TCLS a series of simulations have been made to predict its performance and capability with a number of different target spectrums. During the practical implementation we have encountered difficulties, namely optimization of the output spectrum, dependency of LED spectra on the electric current through the LED and temperature of the LED, non-linearity of LED’s luminous flux with respect to electric current through the LED and some difficulties with small synthesis coefficient values, which were all successfully solved.

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This article addresses one of the most actively developing types of design activities – light design. The article comprises quotes of the leading Russian and foreign light design specialists published over the previous five years, as well as the authors’ own conclusions. The thoughts quoted in the article are sometimes opposite to each other and reflect the wide spectrum of professional practice. They reflect the initial opinions of analysts and experts which are often diverging. All of the specialists point at the interdisciplinary nature of the new profession, which imposes additional load on a designer overloaded enough already by the scope and speed of the problems being solved nowadays. The discussion of the new profession of light designer initiated on the pages of professional publications is especially important in view of the development of professional standards and standards of design and architectural education, as well as creation of new educational programmes based on various approaches to the subject in technical and humanitarian institutions. The goal of this article is to introduce light design into the field of fully legitimate sections of design culture, to define the authentic scientific basis of the new creative profession, to initiate a foundation for self-determination of the new synthetic area, which materially affects the state of the profession as a whole and the life standards of a wide variety of consumers. In order to reach the set goal, a comparative and analytical method of study was selected, which allows studying the problem to a large extent and from all angles and finding the ways of overcoming the challenges emerging in the area of the new activity.

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This study performed with the purpose of constructing and validating a model named OptimLUM (Optimizing Luminaire Layouts) to estimate the most accurate location, number and type of artificial light sources according to average illuminance and maximum uniformity in an office. OptimLUM is appling through Excel Spreadsheet to develop the model and uses Evolver, which is basing on genetic algorithm to implement optimization routine. To validate the reliability of the proposed model, luminaire layout scenairos generated for two types of luminaires after taking illuminance measurements in an actual office. OptimLUM illuminance values were comparing statistically with measurement and DIALux results to test the applicability of the model. The model performance is highly accurate in determining luminaire positions: coefficient of determination R2 and coefficient of variation CV were equal to (86–99)% and to (0.04–0.12) respectively, and for all scenarios. Its outputs are closer to the actual measurements when compared with DIALux outputs.

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Wout van Bommel
Topics Important for the up-to-date Interior Lighting Professional

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Light Side of Design: Professional Vector

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Concerning the Concept of Light-Colour Arrangement of the Urban Environment in the Central Part of Tyumen

Galina M. Belan and Alexander T. Ovcharov
Modernisation of Lighting Systems of a Casting and Extrusion Plant in Krasnoyarsk

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Assessment of Argentinean LED Luminaries for Street Lighting

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Modelling of the Insolation Mode of Urban Development Using an Insoplanogram

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Light Side of Design: Professional Vector

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Concerning the Concept of Light-Colour Arrangement of the Urban Environment in the Central Part of Tyumen

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Modernisation of Lighting Systems of a Casting and Extrusion Plant in Krasnoyarsk

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Assessment of Argentinean LED Luminaries for Street Lighting

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Modelling of the Insolation Mode of Urban Development Using an Insoplanogram

Julian B. Aizenberg, Gennadiy B. Bukhman, Alexei A. Korobko, and Vladimir M. Pyatigorskiy
Several not embodied concepts of optical schemes and lighting systems with hollow light guides

Nicolai I. Shchepetkov
Topical Light Design for Classical Architecture

Roger Narboni
From Light Urbanism to Nocturnal Urbanism

Elena V. Barchugova and Nataliya A. Rochegova
Video Mapping from Presentation to Architecture vVladimir P. Budak and Tatyana V. Meshkova
Models of Visual Discomfort from Sources of Glare

Egor E. Nilov and Vitaly N. Stepanov
Illumination Design: Problems of Translation and Criteria of Evaluation

Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Michelangelo Scorpio, and Sergio Sibilio
Basic System for the Preliminary Experimental Photometric Characterization of a LED Based Luminaire

Alexander. T. Ovcharov and Yury N. Selyanin
Solatube® Technology: Prospective Applications in Architecture and Building in Russia

Rajesh Sarkar and Saswati Mazumdar
Studies and Experiments for Determination of Degradation of Paintings in Museum Art Galleries Caused by Artificial Light Sources

Nikolai V. Matveev, Victor T. Prokopenko, Natalia P. Sapunova, and Daniil A. Friedman
Research into the Influence of Light-Music Performances on Psychophysiological States

Hongyi Cai and Linjie Li
How LED Lighting May Affect Office Ergonomics: The Impact of Providing Access to Continuous Dimming Controls on Typing and Colour-Matching Tasks Performance

Svetlana M. Lebedkova and Yuliya A. Lusina
Research into the “Colouring” Effect Using Different Spectral Radiations

Chao-Ming FU
An Interview with professor Chao-Ming Fu at LED Forum 2015 vPeter Bodrogi, Tran Quoc Khanh, D. Stojanovic, and Yandan Lin
Intercultural Colour Temperature Preference of Chinese and European Subjects Living in Germany

Can Cengiz, Mikko Maksimainen, Marjukka Puolakka, and Liisa Halonen
The Effects of High Luminance Objects on Peripheral Target Detection in Mesopic Conditions

Natalya V. Bystryantseva, Yelena I. Lekus, and Nikolai V. Matveev
The Domestic School of Light Design: Strategy and Tactics

Yuliya Revsina and Dmitry Shvidkovsky
Illumination of Classical Architecture Memorials in Search of Authenticity

Sergei A. Aleksandrov
Sports Illumination of Ski Tracks in the Territory of the Rosa Khutor Freestyle Centre

Diwakar Bista, Ashish Shrestha, Georges Zissis, Pramod Bhusal, Frangiskos V. Topalis, and Bhupendra B. Chhetri
Status of Lighting Technologies in Nepal

Rosa Maria Morillas and Jose Ramon de Andres
Renewing Street Lighting with LED Technology: A Single Case Study in Casarabonela

Alexei K. Solovyov and Bi Guofu
Selection of the Area of Window Openings of Residential Buildings in Conditions of Monsoon Climate of the Far East of the Russian Federation and Northern Areas of China

Svetlana V. Kolgushkina, Nataliya V. Bystryantseva, and Victor T. Prokopenko
Research into Luminance Characteristics of Objects with Architectural Lighting of Central Streets of Tula

Idil Bakir Kucukkaya and Ebru Alakavuk
The Evaluation of an Office Building According to LEED Certificate Lighting Criteria

Diwakar Bista, Ashish Shrestha, Georges Zissis, Pramod Bhusal, Frangiskos V. Topalis, and Bhupendra B. Chhetri
Status of Lighting Technologies in Nepal

Rosa Maria Morillas and Jose Ramon de Andres
Renewing Street Lighting with LED Technology: A Single Case Study in Casarabonela

Alexei K. Solovyov and Bi Guofu
Selection of the Area of Window Openings of Residential Buildings in Conditions of Monsoon Climate of the Far East of the Russian Federation and Northern Areas of China

Svetlana V. Kolgushkina, Nataliya V. Bystryantseva, and Victor T. Prokopenko
Research into Luminance Characteristics of Objects with Architectural Lighting of Central Streets of Tula

Idil Bakir Kucukkaya and Ebru Alakavuk
The Evaluation of an Office Building According to LEED Certificate Lighting Criteria

Lighting is a thoughtful application of lighting source to get visibility and accomplish a specific task during the darkness by providing desirable illumination. In present context, there are numerous light sources and lighting technologies. But, with the advancement of technologies, traditional lighting technique is being gradually replaced by efficient lighting system with specific purpose and application. This study presents current status of lighting technologies, applications, challenges, policies and impacts in Nepalese scenario. This study also presents some statistic outcome, drawn from a survey of 250 sample size including different five target group. From this study, it is found that the people and government are moving toward the efficient and clean lighting technologies from traditional one. These activities on the implementation of efficient lighting technologies help the people in different sectors, such as education, health, security, economy etc., and in the improvement of living standard.

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In 2015, the ecological, economic and social necessity of increasing energy efficiency contributed to street lighting renewal in the Spanish municipality of Casarabonela. Considering fixed operating and maintenance costs, it was a significant, long term investment with high impact for the community. Technicians chose LED light sources after studying technical and economic proposals submitted. Measurements of light levels, energy consumption and costs were carried out before and after the renovation. Once the chosen proposal was implemented, follow up surveys from technicians, maintenance workers and final users were collected. This case study aims to describe steps taken in the process of luminaires replacement. It has been estimated savings, expected and actual together with the return period on investment. This case may well serve as a prototype for a subsequent multiple case study which aims to validate a list of indicators obtained in a previous research.

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The term “window” in architecture usually stands for an opening in a wall or roof for penetration of natural light, sunrays and fresh air in premises. Recently, the requirement of contact with environment is added to this condition. It is especially relevant for residential buildings where rooms are considered residential if they have windows. The energy consumption of a building depends on sizes, form and location of windows. In winter, windows cause huge heat losses, in summer, on the other hand, large heat enters a building via the windows and is required to be removed by means of air conditioning. Moreover, windows are used for penetration of natural light in premises, which assists in saving of large amounts of power for artificial illumination. This article discusses partial solving the problem of the energy efficiency of residential buildings by determining the most efficient area of windows in terms of energy spending for compensation of heat losses via windows in winter, elimination of heat penetration through them in summer and energy losses for artificial lighting throughout the year. The analysis of the results of calculation of power consumption for residential premises in conditions of monsoon climate of the Russian Far East and Northern areas of China (PRC) is provided.

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