Articles
Software Library For The Lighting Fixtures Optical characteristics Calculation By The Computer-aided design System Kompas 3D L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Evgeny G. Alekseev, Sergey D. Shibaikin

Pages 78–85

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  • The advantages and disadvantages of existing solutions for calculating lighting fixtures (LF) are discussed in the paper. The methods for solving the global illumination problem are demonstrated. The most important illumination models used to calculate LFs have been analyzed. The Torrance-Sparrow model is used as the primary model of reflective surface. The triangulation method based on approximation of the LF surface by a grid of triangles is used to increase the efficiency of LF design and computation. The optical ray propagation in a 3D optical system was modelled using classical laws of optics and the Monte Carlo method. The structure and the main steps of working with the library for CAD Kompas are described. The approximation of LF surface for different types of light sources and reflector parameters is presented. The implementation of approximations with subsequent ray tracing has demonstrated a good convergence of the problem solution.
    The results of the study have the potential to be useful for design engineers involved in the design and calculation of LFs, as well as developers of applied software in the field of computer graphics and computer-aided design systems.

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  • 1. Ivliev S.N., Mikayeva S.A., Shibaikin S.D. Quality control of the mould on the digital model of the luminous intensity distribution curve // Control. Diagnostics, 2010, #9, pp. 29–33.
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    7. Dupuy J., Heitz E., Iehl J., Poulin P., Ostromoukhov V. Extracting Microfacet-based BRDF Parameters from Arbitrary Materials with Power Iterations // Computer Graphics Forum, 2015, Vol. 34, #4, pp. 21–30.
    8. Werner S., Velinov Z., Jakob W., Hullin M.B. // Scratch iridescence: Wave-optical rendering of diffractive surface structure. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia), 2017, Vol. 36, # 6, pp. 220:1–220:11.
    9. Shiying L. Estimating Diffuse and Specular Reflectance Parameters from Spectral Images // Doctoral Dissertation / Department of Information Processing Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2007, 108p.
    10. Torrance K.E., Sparrow E.M. Theory for offspecular reflection from roughened surfaces // Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1967, Vol. 57, #9, pp. 1105–1114.
    11. Barla P., Pacanowski R., Vangorp P. A Composite BRDF Model for Hazy Gloss // Computer Graphics Forum, 2018, Vol. 37, #4, pp. 12.
    12. Belcour L., Barla P. A Practical Extension to Microfacet Theory for the Modeling of Varying Iridescence // ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH). – 2017. – № 4. – Vol. 36. – p.65:1–65:14.
    13. Holzschuch N., Pacanowski R. A two-scale microfacet reflectance model combining reflection and diffraction // ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH), 2017, Vol. 36, #4, pp. 66:1–66:12.
    14. Yan L, Hašan M, Marschner S, Ramamoorthi R. Position normal Distributions for Efficient Rendering of Specular Microstructure // ACM Trans. Graph., 2016, Vol. 35, #4, p. 9.
    15. Georgoulis S., Vanweddingen V., Proesmans M., Gool L.V. A Gaussian process latent variable model for BRDF inference // IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2015, December, pp. 3559–3567.
    16. Guarnera D., Guarnera G., Ghosh A., Denk C., Glencross M.: BRDF representation and acquisition // Computer Graphic Forum, 2016, Vol. 35, # 2, pp. 625–650.

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Simulation And Development Of Electronic Ballast for High Pressure Discharge Lamps L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Albert A. Ashryatov, Vladimir G. Kulikov

Pages 86–92

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  • The advantages and disadvantages of using electromagnetic ballasts for power supply of high pressuredischarge lamps (HPDL) are considered. The advantages of using electronic ballasts for supplying HPDL are shown. The analysis is fulfilled of the operation of the HPDL when powered by a high-frequency current, in particular, high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSL). It is indicated that when high-pressure discharge lamps are supplied with a high-frequency current, acoustic resonance may appear. The basic requirements to be met by electronic ballasts for HPSL have been determined. The topology of construction of electronic ballasts for supplying HPDL with a capacity of up to 1 kW has been selected. It has been established that half-bridge converters with inductive ballast and active power factor corrector (PFC) allow maintaining a stable power on the lamp while changing its parameters and efficiency.
    Mathematical modelling of the electronic ballast based on a half-bridge converter and an ignition device for the sodium discharge lamps DNaT type has been carried out. According to the proposed topology, the electronic ballast was developed for a DNaT 600 lamp powered from the 380 V network. Test operation of the lamps confirmed the reliability of the proposed electronic ballast topology.

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  • 1. Polyakov V., Oshurkov I. Effective power source for high pressure discharge lamps // Power electronics, 2012, Vol. 1, # 34, pp. 50–53.
    2. Aroudi A., Orabi M., Haroun R., Martinez-Salamero L. Asymptotic slow-scale stability boundary of PFC AC – DC power converters: Theoretical prediction and experimental validation // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, Aug. Vol. 58 pp. 3448–3460.
    3. Cheng H.-L., Hsieh Y.-C., Lin C.-S. A novel single-stage high-power-factor AC / DC converter featuring high circuit efficiency // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, Vol. 58, # 2, pp. 524–532.
    4. Evstifeev A. Features of construction of ballasts for high-pressure lamps // Power electronics, 2008, # 3, pp. 132–136.
    5. Polyakov V.D., Oshurkov I.A. Discharge lamp power supply // Patent of the Russian Federation for a useful model No. 102448. 2011. Byul. No. 6
    6. Ermakov E.A. Controlled electronic ballasts for high-pressure lamps // Modern lighting technology, 2010, # 2, pp. 50–59.
    7. Ki S.-K., Lu D.D.-C. Implementation of an efficient transformer less single-stage single-switch AC / DC converter // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2010, Vol. 57, # 12, pp. 4095–4105.
    8. Ma H., Ji Y., Xu Y. Design and analysis of singlestage power factor correction converter with a feedback winding // IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., 2010, Vol. 25, # 6, pp. 1460–1470.
    9. Cheng C.A., Cheng H.L., Ku C.W. Design and implementation of a single-stage acoustic-resonance-free HID lamp ballast with PFC // IEEE Transactions on Power Electron., 2014, Vol. 29, # 4, pp. 1966–1976.
    10. Cheng H.L., Moo C.S., Huang C.K. , Yang C.S. Analysis and implementation of a novel singlestage low-frequency electronic ballast for HID lamps // in Proc. Inter. Power Electron. Conf., 2010, pp. 384–389.
    11. Banaei M.R., Dehghanzadeh A.R., Salary E., Khounjahan H., Alizadeh R. Z-source-based multilevel inverter with reduction of switches // IET power electronics, 2012, Vol. 5, # 3, pp. 385–392.
    12. Hsieh J.C., Lin J.L. Novel single-stage self-oscillating dimmable electronic ballast with high power factor correction // IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron., 2011, Vol. 58, # 1, pp. 250–262.
    13. Cao D., Jiang S., Yu X., Peng F.Z. Low-cost semi-Z-source inverter for single-phase photovoltaic systems // IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., 2011, Vol. 26, # 12, pp. 3514–3523.
    14. Bouchafaa F., Beriber D., Boucherit M.S. Modeling and control of a gird connected PV generation system // Proceedings of 18th Mediterranean IEEE CCA, 2010, June 23–25, pp, 315–320.
    15. Mishra S., Adda R., Joshi A. Inverse Watkins-Johnson topology-based inverter // IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., 2012, Vol. 27, # 3, pp. 1066–1070.
    16. Kirsten A.L., Dalla Costa M.A., Rech C. Digital control strategy for HID lamp electronic ballasts // IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, Vol. 60, # 2, pp. 608–618.

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Research Of Long-Term Lighting Tests Of Led retrofit And Filament Lamps L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Yulia A. Zhuravlyova, Evgeny A. Kuznetsov, Evgeny S. Shichavin, Maksim S. Shishkanov, Nina P. Nesterkina

Pages 62–69

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  • The paper analyzes the results of comparative studies of the light and engineering characteristics of LED retrofit lamps and filament lamps of the A60 form factor of nine manufacturers: Uniel (Russia – China), JazzWay (Russia – China), Philips (the Netherlands), Ecola (China), Wolta (Germany), Feron (Russia), Rev (Germany), Osram (Germany), Forza (China) – luminous flux, power consumption, correlated colour temperature, luminous efficacy, flicker index, spectral distribution of the radiation flux density during 6000 hours of lamps burning.
    The test results show that: а) the measured value of the initial luminous flux of all LED retrofit lamps corresponds to the declared; б) the measured value of the initial luminous flux of filament LED lamps is lower than the declared values by an average of 19 %; в) high value of the luminous flux maintenance factor after 6000 hours of burning among LED retrofit lamps showed Uniel LED10 W 4000 К (94.5 %), Philips Essential LED9 W 6500 K (96.2 %), Wolta LX 12 W 3000 К (95.3 %), for JazzWay PLED-SP 10 W 5000 K and Ecola Classic LED10.2 W 4000 K lamps, the luminous flux maintenance factor was less than 90 %; г) the luminous flux maintenance factor after 6000 hours of burning of all filament LED lamps ranged from 91.3 % to 96.4 %, except for the Feron LB‑57 7 W 2700 K lamp – 89.3 %.
    According to the test results, only for the Uniel LED10 W 4000 K lamp, the measured values of the light and engineering characteristics and the flicker index, including after 6000 hours of burning, correspond to the declared ones. The high luminous flux maintenance factor after 6000 hours of burning allows this lamp to be classified as A-category in terms of decreasing luminous flux.

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  • 1. Lishik S. I., Posedko V. S., Trofimov Yu. V., Tsvirko V. I. Сurrent State, Trends and Prospectives of the Development of Light Emitting Diode Technology // Light & Engineering, 2017, Vol. 25, # 2, pp. 13 - 24.
    2. Kovalenko O. Yu., Zhuravleva J. A., Mikaeva S. A., Nemov V. V. Changes of lighting characteristics of semiconductor light sources of different constructional performance during operation // Vestnik MGTU, Proceedings of the Murmansk State Technical University, 2019, # 4, pp. 471–476.
    3. Bayneva I. I., Lychagin I. A. Problems and prospects of LED lamp retrophytes // Handbook. An Engineering Journal, 2020, #7, pp. 48-52.
    4. Gorbunov A. A., Mikaeva Э. A., Mikaeva A. Э., Boychuk M. I. The characteristics studies of halogen incandescent lamps and LED lamps // Automation. Modern technologies, 2016, # 6, pp. 16-20.
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    7. Aihaiti Y., Tukshaitov R. Kh. Control the body temperature of LED lamps at work in different lighting devices// Power engineering: research, equipment, technology, 2017, # 9, 10, pp. 146-150.
    8. Makarova N. V., Ashryatov A. A. Study of the lighting characteristics of LED retrofit lamps for household lighting / Energy security and energy saving, 2019, # 3. pp. 28-32.
    9. Nestyorkina N. P., Kovalenko O. Yu., Zhuravlyova Yu. A. Analysis of characteristics of led lamps with T8 bulb by various manufacturers / Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, # 6, pp. 82-87.
    10. Nestyorkina N. P., Zhuravlyova Yu. A., Kovalenko O. Yu., Mikayeva S. A. Comparative analysis of the characteristics of led filament lamps for household lighting / Light & Engineering, 2020, Vol. 28, # 6, pp. 71-75.
    11. Centre for collective use of scientific equipment «Light Engineering Metrology» [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.mrsu.ru/ru/sci/labs.php?ELEMENT_ID=57865&sphrase_id=1149162.
    12. GOST R 54815-2011/IEC/PAS 62612:2009. LED lamps with built-in driver for general lighting at a voltage of more than 50 V. Operational requirements. Entered 2012/ 07/01. Moscow: Standardinform, 2012, 16 p.
    13. GOST R 55702 – 2013. Electric Light Sources. Methods for measuring electrical and luminous parameters. Entered 2014/ 07/ 01. Moscow: Standardinform, 2014. 43 p.
    14. Mikaeva S. A., Zheleznikova O. E., Sinitsyna L. V. Complex of modern research equipment for light measurements // Automation and modern technologies, 2012, # 12, pp. 33 - 36.
    15. SP 52.13330.2016 Natural and artificial lighting. Updated edition of SNiP 23-05-95*. Entered 2017/05/08 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/456054197.

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Research Into Irradiation Conditions With Led Phyto-Irradiators in Cucumber Plants Cultivating by Photoculture Technology L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Olga E. Zheleznikova, Alexander E. Kurshev, Kirill A. Chmil, Sergey D. Bogatyrev

Pages 56–61

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  • The article presents the results of two full vegetation growing seasons for Svyatogor F1 cucumber plants sort in photoculture conditions. The studies were carried out on an experimental research hydroponic installation (ERHI) under photosynthetically active photon irradiance EPPFD = (250 ± 10) μmol/s·m2. In the experiment, we used phyto-irradiators (PI) with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSL) of the DNaZ type, as well as light emitting diode (LED) phyto-irradiators of the combined spectrum. A methodological approach to photobiological research (PBR) in the artificial climate laboratory at the Ogarev Mordovia State University was developed, which allowed us to determine the effect of the radiation of the LED PI combined spectrum on the productivity of cucumber plants under photoculture conditions. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, it was found that the quality of seedlings grown under a phyto-irradiator with a HPSL of the DNaZ type is better than under a LED PI of the combined spectrum. From the point of view of the productivity of cucumber plants of this variety, the spectrum created by the radiation of white LEDs and radiation of LEDs with peak wavelengths λ = 660 nm and λ = 730 nm turned out to be more favourable. It was revealed that radiation, acting on the photoreceptors of a plant and thus triggering cascades of physiological and biochemical processes, can cause its ambiguous reaction. The practical significance of the results obtained was shown.

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  • 1. Prikupets L.B. Technological lighting in the agroindustrial complex of Russia // Light & Engineering, 2018, Vol. 26, # 4, pp. 7–17.
    2. Prikupets L.B., Boos G.V., Terekhov V.G., and Tarakanov I.G. Optimization of Lighting Parameters of Irradiation in Light Culture of Lettuce Plants. Using LED Emitters // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, # 5, pp. 43–54.
    3. Zheleznikova O.E., Myshonkov A.B. Implementing Comparative Method in Education with the Case of Leaf Lettuce Irradiation Modes // Propositos y Representaciones, 2020, Vol. 8, # 3, – e478.
    4. Kurshev A., Bogatyrev S., Zheleznikova O. Studies of the Effect of Combined Spectrum LED Phytoradiators on the Growth and Development of Cucumber Plants // Helix, 2020, Vol. 10, # 2, pp. 99–103.
    5. Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A. Scientific and technological foundations of the formation of a phototrophic link in biological and technical life support systems// Krasnoyarsk, 2016, 200 p.
    6. Cope K., Bugbee B. Spectral effects of three types of white light emitting diodes on plant growth and development: absolute versus relative amounts of blue light // Hortscience, 2013, Vol. 48, # 4, pp. 504–509.
    7. Dong C., Fu Y., Liu G., Liu H. Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality of wheat (Triticcum aestivum L.) exposed to LED light sources with different spectra combinations // Journal of Agronomy and Grop Science, 2014, Vol. 200, pp. 219–230.
    8. Kang J-H, KrishnaKumar S., Atulba S. et al. Light Intensity and Photoperiod Influence the Growth and Development of Hydroponically Grown Leaf Lettuce in a Closed-type Plant Factory System // Hort. Environ. Biotechnology, 2013, Vol. 54, # 6, pp. 501–509.
    9. Lin K.H., Huang M.Y., Huang W.D. et al. The effects of red, blue, and white light emitting diodes on the growth, development, and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Capitata) // Scientia Horticulturae, 2013, Vol. 150, pp. 86–91.
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    11. Liu X.Y., Guo S.R., Xu Z.G. et al. Regulation of Chloroplast Ultrastructure, Crosssection Anatomy of Leaves, and Morphology of Stomata of Cherry Tomato by Different Light Irradiations of LED // HortScience, 2011 (b), Vol. 46, # 2, pp. 217–221.
    12. Sarychev G.S. Productivity of cucumber and tomato cenoses as a function of the spectral characteristics of IFs // Svetotekhnika, 2001, # 2, pp. 27–29.
    13. Copyright certificate No. 1620062 A1, Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Method of growing cucumber / Tikhomirov A.A., Zolotukhin I.G., Lisovskiy G.M., Sidko F. Ya., Prikupets L.B. – 4550593/13; declared 02/17/89; publ. 01/15/91, Bul. 2.
    14. Rakutko S.A., Vaskin A.V., Minullina R.F., Kamalov V.F., Ryazhskikh V.A. Method for evaluating the usefulness of the flux of optical radiation sources in photoculture using the example of tomato and cucumber seedlings // Technologies and technical means of mechanized production of crop and livestock products, 2015, # 87, pp. 243–253.
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On The Hygienic Efficiency Of Lighting With Leds in Industrial Premises L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Lyudmila V. Sinitsyna, Olga E. Zheleznikova, Ivan V. Blentsov, Sergey N. Ageev

Pages 11–18

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  • The article is devoted to the description of experimental studies on the assessment of the hygienic efficiency of lighting conditions with light emitting diodes (LEDs) of the first and second generations when performing industrial work. In the course of the research work, an experimental lighting installation (ELI) was developed and installed, able to implement lighting options with LEDs and fluorescent lamps (FL). The state of the accommodative-muscular apparatus, the retina and the central link of the organ of vision was assessed; integral indicators of visual performance were studied. It was found that the illumination with LEDs does not have a negative effect on the organ of vision, the human body as a whole or indicators of visual performance. Changes in the functional indicators of the organ of vision occurring during the performance of visual work are within the corresponding boundaries of physiological fluctuations and are reversible. It was revealed that second generation LEDs create a more favourable light environment for performing visual work of a production nature. The practical significance of the results obtained was shown.

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  • 1. Point S. Blue Light Hazard: are exposure limit values protective enough for newborn infants? // Radioprotection, 2018, Vol. 53, #3, pp. 219–224.
    2. Potential risks to human health of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)// Final opinion, 2018. https:// ec.europa.eu/health/sites/ealth/files/scientific_committees/scheer/docs/scheer_o_011.pdf (Date of application: 16.01.2021).
    3. Behar-Cohen F., Martinsons C., Vienot F., Zissis G., Barlier-Sals A., Cesarini J.P., Enouf O., Garcia M., Icaud S., Attia D. Light emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting: Any risks for the eye? // Journal of Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2011, 30, pp. 239–257.
    4. Zak P.P. and Ostrovsky M.A. Potential danger of light emitting diode illumination to the eye, in children and teenagers // Light & Engineering, 2012, Vol. 20, # 3, pp. 5–8.
    5. Stevens R.G., Blask D.E., Brainard G.C., Hansen J., Lockley S.W., Provencio I., Rea M.S., Reinlib L. Meeting report: The role of environmental lighting and circadian disruption in cancer and other diseases // Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, Vol. 115, # 9, pp. 1357–1362.
    6. Lockley S.W., Evans E.E., Scheer F.A., Brainard G.C., Czeisler C.A., Aeschbach D. Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans // Sleep, 2006, # 29, pp. 161–168.
    7. Gooley J.J., Chamberlain K., Smith K.A., Khalsa S.B., Rajaratnam S.M., van Reen E., Zeitzer J.M., Czeisler C.A., Lockley S.W., Clin J. Exposure to room light before bedtime suppresses melatonin onset and shortens melatonin duration in humans // The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011, # 96, pp. 463–472.
    8. Wahnschaffe A., Haedel S., Rodenbeck A., Stoll C., Rudolph H., Kozakov R., Schoepp H., Kunz D. Out of the Lab and into the Bathroom Evening Short-Term Exposure to Conventional Light Suppresses Melatonin and Increases Alertness Perception // International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, Vol. 14, # 2, pp. 2573–2589.
    9. GOST R IEC62471–2013 Lamps and lamp systems. Photobiological safety Moscow: Standartinform, 2014, 53 p.
    10. Karev A.V., Lyoskin D.S. Operating control of photobiological safety of LED luminaries // Light & Engineering, 2019, Vol. 27, # 8, pp. 37–42.
    11. Amelkin S.A., Zheleznikova O.E., Sinitsyna, L.V. On the Efficiency of Lighting by LEDs in visual Work // Light & Engineering. – 2018. – 26 (3). – P. 81–87.
    12. Code of rules SP 52.13330.2016 “Natural and artificial lighting” Updated edition of SNiP 23–05–95.
    13. Zheleznikova O.E., Sinitsyna L.V., Ageev S.N. Features of the Methodological Approach to the Evaluation of the LED // Lighting Efficiency in the Industrial Premises // Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2017, Vol. 9. # 7, pp. 857–863.
    14. SANPIN2.2.1/2.1.1.1278–03 “Hygienic Requirements for Natural, Artificial, and Mixed Lighting of Residential and Public Occupancies” and SANPIN2.2.1/ 2.1.1.2585–10 “Changes and additions No. 1 to SANPIN2.2.1/2.1.1.1278–03 “Hygienic Requirements for Natural, Artificial, and Mixed Lighting of Residential and Public Occupancies”.

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Monochromatic Leds For Vision Improvement in Foggy Roads L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Saswati Mazumdar, Arijit Saha, Arnab De, Shovakar Bhattacharjee

Pages 108–113

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  • In India, foggy weather creates poor visibility, and this leads to several accidents and slows down normal traffic speed, which may lead to adverse effect on the economy of the country. The probable solution is the use of monochromatic light with other artificial vision system to increase the visibility for the drivers in these foggy areas. There are various kinds of monochromatic lights available in the market. In this study, it has been tried to find out the best working monochromatic LEDs for this particular application. In this study, two types of monochromatic radiation were compared (amber light with 600 nm and green light with 545 nm) with and without the camera-display setup (artificial visual system) for finding out best working system in the foggy area for increasing the visibility. The experiment shows that amber light monochromatic radiation with 600 nm works better for identification of objects. The amber light can be used in front of a car to illuminate the front environment in the foggy weather and increase the visibility. It has been observed that green light monochromatic radiation with 545 nm works better for identification of the source from a very long distance. It has been proposed to install both of these lights with amber and green monochromatic radiation in vehicles to reduce accidents in foggy weather.

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  • 1. Srivastav S.K., Sharma A.R., Sachdeva K. A ground observation-based climatology of winter Fog: study over Indo-Gangetic plain, India // International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering. 2016, Vol. 10, #7.
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    4. J Un P., Ariya A. Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) // Atmospheric Environment. 2006, Vol. 40, pp. 795–820.
    5. William W. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation // Access Science. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
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Lightness And Luminance: Perceptual Qualities in Conditions Of Simultaneous Contrast L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Vladimir P. Budak, Pavel A. Smirnov, Anna Y. Vagina, Nikita S. Epikhov

Pages 100–107

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  • This article is devoted to the research of the influence of induction and crispening effects on the lightness of objects. The target of this research is to simplify and clarify the analysis of the light distributions derived from the results of lighting calculations and measurements, and also to form the recommendations for obtaining preferred lightness contrasts in the case of visual perception of objects on different backgrounds. To provide such possibilities, it is necessary to refine the model of the lightness calculation in modern colour appearance models, which, in turn, requires the results of new experiments to take into account the induction and crispening effects in the conditions of simultaneous contrast. The same experiment was established by Takasaki on visual perception of grey squares on grey backgrounds. The article substantiates the necessity to refine the results of the Takasaki experiment and conduct the new experimental approach in more strictly specified conditions and in the expanded luminance range to ensure conditions of the modern standards. Here we propose setting up an experiment that provides these refinements and considers the properties of the proximal field – the contour of objects. The search of the results uses multi-objective optimization methods. The first results of this experiment are presented, based on them, were formed proposals to determine the preferred luminance of objects to ensure the required levels of lightness contrast when working on specified backgrounds. The calculations of the lightness deviations obtained as the result of the experiment and in the CIECAM02 colour appearance model, are presented. The peculiarities of translations of lighting engineering literature in the field of modelling a light-colour environment are noted, which require clarification for a correct and reliable understanding of colour appearance models, for which is proposed to open a discussion on this subject.

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  • 1. Boyce P. Editorial: Exploring human-centric lighting // Lighting Research and Technology. 2016, Vol. 48, pp. 101.
    2. Judd D. B., Wyszecki H. Colour in Business, Science and Industry, Third Edition // John Wiley & Sons. 1975, pp. 576.
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Justification Lighting Control System Using in The Classes On The Basis Of Lighting scene Simulation L&E, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2021
Svetlana A. Amelkina, Kseniya A. Duplenkova

Pages 26–36

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  • The substantiation of the implementation of a lighting control system in classrooms was carried out on the basis of modelling scenes of natural, artificial and combined lighting of classrooms at different times of the day and the year, in two specialized programs: DIALux and Relux. It is shown that with combined lighting there is a significant unevenness of illumination on the calculated surface of the desks, which negatively affects the physical and psychological state of students. It has been established that the most effective solution to this problem is the installation of lamps with smooth control function, light and presence sensors. Examples of sensor placement in Relux are given, providing three-zone regulation of luminous flux from each of the rows of lighting devices (LD) in the classroom. It is the arrangement that allows us to maintain the level and uniformity of illumination with combined lighting and will significantly save energy.
    The current state analysis of the Russian market of LD recommended by manufacturers for classroom lighting is carried out, their characteristics are considered and compliance with the current energy efficiency requirements is assessed. Conclusions and forecasts are made. They are connected with the further development of LED lighting equipment for classroom lighting. The mentioned conclusions are based on the necessity for constant improvement of the modern nomenclature of LD view of their energy efficiency and competitiveness.

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