Articles
Light & Engineering 26 (3). Paper version

Pages 1-154

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  • Julian B. Aizenberg and Vladimir P. Budak The Science of Light Engineering, Fields of Application and Theoretical Foundations

    Anton M. Mishchenko, Sergei S. Rachkovsky, Vladimir A. Smolin, and Igor V. Yakimenko Results of Spatial Structure of Atmosphere Radiation in a Spectral Range (1.5–2) µm Research

    Michail Yu. Kataev and Andrei K. Lukyanov Simulation of Reflected Solar Radiation for Atmosphere Gas Composition Evaluation for Optical Remote Sensing from Space

    Nikolai N. Bogdanov, Andrei D. Zhdanov, Dmitriy D. Zhdanov, and Igor S. Potyomin Analysis of Errors in the Relief of Scattering Microstructures in Light-Conducting Systems Modelling

    Nicolai I. Shchepetkov, George N. Cherkasov, and Vladimir A. Novikov Lighting of Engineering Structures and Industrial Facilities: New Aspects of the Topic

    Zhiqiao WANG Development of LED Light Sources in Landscape Lighting

    Jing LIU Applicatio More

Light & Engineering 26 (2). Paper version

Pages 1-190

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  • Boris A. Veklenko The Nature of the Photon and Quantum Optics

    George V. Boos The Probability of Detecting Coloured Objects on Coloured Backgrounds Based on a Statistical Model of the Threshold of Colour Vision

    Alexander T. Ovcharov, Yuri N. Selyanin, and Yaroslav V. Antsupov A Hybrid Illumination Complex For Combined Illumination Systems: Concepts, State of the Problem, Practical Experience

    Vladimir M. Pchelin and Irina E. Makarova Assessment of the Current State and Prospects for Development of Irradiation Systems in Modern Greenhouse Facilities

    Sergei A. Pavlov, Sergei L. Koryakin, Natalia E. Sherstenyova, ElenaYu. Maksimova, and Eugene M. Antipov Highly Effective Covering Materials with Quantum Dots for Greenhouses

    Hongwu ZENG Optimization of Classroom Illumination System Based on Neural Network Algorithm

    Wenhao DUN Optimization of Intelligent Illumination in University Classroom Ba More

Light & Engineering 26 (1). Paper version

Pages 1-154

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  • Julian B. Aizenberg and Vladimir P. Budak Light & Engineering / Svetotekhnika Journal: A Review of 2017 and Looking Forward to 2018-2020

    Leonid B. Prikupets Technological Lighting for Agro-Industrial Instolations in Russia

    George V. Boos, Leonid B. Prykupets, Eugene I. Rozovsky, and Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya Standardization of Lighting Fixtures and Installations for Greenhouses

    Alexander I. Vasilyev, Sergei V. Kostyuchenko, Nicolai N. Kudryavtsev, Denis A. Sobur, and Dmitry V. Sokolov UV Disinfection Technologies for Water, Air and Surface Treatment

    Eugene I. Starovoytov Possible Uses of Equipment in Space to Control Earth Surface Illumination

    Eugene I. Rozovsky and Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya Photometry of Lighting Devices: Current State and Prospects for Development

    Eugene A. Ivashin, Boris B. Khlevnoy, Stanislav S. Shirokov, and Eugene V. Tishchenko Development of Nnew Ph More

Light & Engineering 26 (2). Electronic version

Pages 1-190

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  • Boris A. Veklenko The Nature of the Photon and Quantum Optics

    George V. Boos The Probability of Detecting Coloured Objects on Coloured Backgrounds Based on a Statistical Model of the Threshold of Colour Vision

    Alexander T. Ovcharov, Yuri N. Selyanin, and Yaroslav V. Antsupov A Hybrid Illumination Complex For Combined Illumination Systems: Concepts, State of the Problem, Practical Experience

    Vladimir M. Pchelin and Irina E. Makarova Assessment of the Current State and Prospects for Development of Irradiation Systems in Modern Greenhouse Facilities

    Sergei A. Pavlov, Sergei L. Koryakin, Natalia E. Sherstenyova, ElenaYu. Maksimova, and Eugene M. Antipov Highly Effective Covering Materials with Quantum Dots for Greenhouses

    Hongwu ZENG Optimization of Classroom Illumination System Based on Neural Network Algorithm

    Wenhao DUN Optimization of Intelligent Illumination in University Classroom Ba More

Light & Engineering 26 (1). Electronic version

Pages 1-154

Purchase PDF - $34.72

  • Julian B. Aizenberg and Vladimir P. Budak Light & Engineering / Svetotekhnika Journal: A Review of 2017 and Looking Forward to 2018-2020

    Leonid B. Prikupets Technological Lighting for Agro-Industrial Instolations in Russia

    George V. Boos, Leonid B. Prykupets, Eugene I. Rozovsky, and Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya Standardization of Lighting Fixtures and Installations for Greenhouses

    Alexander I. Vasilyev, Sergei V. Kostyuchenko, Nicolai N. Kudryavtsev, Denis A. Sobur, and Dmitry V. Sokolov UV Disinfection Technologies for Water, Air and Surface Treatment

    Eugene I. Starovoytov Possible Uses of Equipment in Space to Control Earth Surface Illumination

    Eugene I. Rozovsky and Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya Photometry of Lighting Devices: Current State and Prospects for Development

    Eugene A. Ivashin, Boris B. Khlevnoy, Stanislav S. Shirokov, and Eugene V. Tishchenko Development of Nnew Ph More

The Nature of the Photon and Quantum Optics
Boris A. Veklenko

Pages 4-13

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  • In a concise, but accessible for the first acquaintance form the procedure for the quantization of linear oscillator is set out. By analogy with this procedure the procedure of quantization (second quantization) of classical Maxwell’s electrodynamics is set up. The physical sense of the wave functions arguments of transverse electromagnetic field and its Fourier transformation is set up. One pay attention as for quantum coherent (almost a classic) states of the electromagnetic field and for photonics Fock states. Attention is drawn to the fact of absence the power of the universal content of such concepts as field amplitude, phase and number of particles (photons), which are used by experimenter’s to describe the states of a quantized field. The semi quantitative description the interaction processes of a quantum electromagnetic field with substance is set up. Specified situations are shown in which the discrepancy between the predictions of classical and quantum electrodynamics is not More
  • 1. de Broglie, L. Waves and quanta. Selected scientific works. M: Logos, Vol.1, 2010.
    2. Greenstein George, Zajonc Arthur G. The Quantum Challenge (Modern Research on the Foundations of Quantum Mecanics). JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS. BOSTON, TORONTO, LONDON, SINGAPORE. 2006.
    3. Rodney Loudon. The Quantum Theory of Light. Clrendon Press, Oxford 1973.
    4. Landau L.D. & Lifshitz E.M. The Classical Theory of Fields (Volume 2 of A Course of Theoretical Physics) Pergamon Press, 1971.
    5. THE QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION by W.HEITLER. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1954.
    6. Veklenko B.A. The breaking of Fresnel’s formula by reflection of resonant radiation from excited media. Applied Physics (Russian) 2011, № 1, pp. 5–14.
    7. Klauder J.R. and Sudarshan E.C.G. Fundaments of Quantum Optics// Syracuse University, New York, Amsterdam 1968.
Light & Engineering / Svetotekhnika Journal: A Review of 2017 and Looking Forward
Julian B. Aizenberg, Vladimir P. Budak

Pages 4-6

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  • 2017 has been a very productive and interesting year for our journal Light & Engineering/Svetotekhnika. It was marked by the publication of a large series of analytical reviews on the current state and prospects for the development of a number of important areas of lighting engineering (a total of 12 reviews), the publication of the regional volume of the Light & Engineering Journal (No. 3) devoted to solar energy technology in China (250 pages, 33 articles), further expansion of publications by international authors in Light & Engineering (since 2010, 120 articles by 230 authors from 23 countries have been published).
  • 1. Gershun A.A. Selected Proceedings on Photometry and Lighting Engineering// M.: GIFML, 1958.
    2. Rosenberg G.V. Ray of light. On the theory of light field//SPS, V121, #1, pp.97Ц138.
    3. Budak V.P. About the Photometrical Theory of a diffuse light field// Light & Engineering Journal, 2003, V.11, #3, pp.55Ц64.
    4. Mandel L., Wolf E. Optical coherence and quantum optics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
    5. Wolf E. Coherence and radiometry // J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1978, V. 68, pp.6Ц17.
    6. Apresyan L.A., Kravtsov Yu.A. Radiation transfer. Statistical and wave aspects. Basel: Gordon and Breach, 1996.
    7. Mishchenko M.I. Directional radiometry and radiative transfer: A new paradigm // J. Quant. Spect. & Rad. Trans., 2011, V.112, 2079 p.
The Probability of Detecting Coloured Objects on Coloured Backgrounds Based on a Statistical Model of the Threshold of Colour Vision
George V. Boos

Pages 14-19

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  • Using a statistical model of the threshold of colour vision, a new expression is obtained to calculate the detection probability of colour objects against colour backgrounds. The method shows that in the day sight area, this probability is completely determined by the individual criterion of decision making about an objectТs presence, by addition functions of the RGB colorimetric system, by radiance spectral concentrations of the object and background, and by the angular dimensions of the object.
  • 1. Judd D., Vyshetski G. Colour in science and technology. Moscow: Publishing house MIR, 1978, 592 p.
    2. Grigoriev A.A. Application of the statistical solution theory for calculation of probability and threshold characteristics of vision organ // Svetotekhnika, 2000, #6, pp. 23Ц25.
    3. Grigoriev A.A. Statistical theory of image perception in optoelectronic systems of visualisation: 05.11.07Ц Optical and optoelectronic devices and systems: Abstract of Doctor of Engineering / Moscow: The Moscow Power Institute (MPI TU, 2001, 40 p.
    4. Boos G. V., Grigoriev A.A. New approach in the determination of qualitative characteristics of outdoor illumination installations // Light&Engineering, 2016, V.24, #1, pp. 51Ц57.
    5. GOST 23198Ц94. Electric lamps. Methods of measuring spectral and colour characteristics.
    6. Reference book on lighting engineering / Under the editorship of Yu.B. Aizenberg. The 3rd revised edition, Moscow: Znak, 2006.Ц 972 p.
    7. Meshkov V. V., More
Technological Lighting for Agro-Industrial Instolations in Russia
Leonid B. Prikupets

Pages 7-17

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  • The paper gives a review of the current state and future development of technological lighting in the main production sectors of agriculture and horticulture in Russia. Current data is given and an evaluation of the effects of lighting on livestock, poultry, fish, mushrooms, and plant productivity is carried out. The practical application of the latest innovations in lighting technology and photo biology is described.
  • 1. OSN–АPК 2.10.24.001–04 Lighting norms for agricultural enterprises, buildings and constructions. Moscow, 2004.
    2. Kansvol N. More light in the barn // New agriculture. Moscow, 2006, № 1, pp. 58–62.
    3. Kansvol N., Mathias S. FurmehrlichtinsMelkstandsorgon. // Fortschritliche Landwist, 2013, № 4, pp. 14–15.
    4. https://ltcompany.com/ru/products/types/industrial-luminaires/up-to-5-meters/inox-led/inox-led-70-ovp-5000k/
    5. http://varton.ru/products/product/158/
    6. http://www.agroinvestor.ru/companies/article/12053-pyat-novykh-ferm-za-vosem-let/.
    7. http://www.bashinform.ru/news/731905/
    8. https://agrobelarus.by/articles/nauka/kakoy_svet_nuzhen_v_svinarnike_/.
    9. Каvtarashvili А. Sh. Technology of increasing the efficiency of production of chicken eggs / Dissertation of doctor of agricultural sciences (specialty 06.02.04), Sergiyev Posad, 1999, 366 p.
    10. Mukhamedina А.R. The impact of light on behaviour and productivity of birds // Ve More
A Hybrid Illumination Complex For Combined Illumination Systems: Concepts, State of the Problem, Practical Experience
Alexander T. Ovcharov, Yaroslav V. Antsupov, Yuri N. Selyanin

Pages 20-28

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  • Hybrid illumination complexes for systems of combined illumination are considered, including the concept of their development as a structural element of high energy efficiency and high quality light environment. The first practical application experience is described, of the project installed in a building of the MEGA Adygea Family Shopping Centre.
  • 1. Aizenberg J.B. Hollow Light Guides. Ц Moscow: Znack Publishing House, 2009. 208 p.
    2. Ovcharov A. T., Selyanin Yu.N. Solatube Technology: Prospect in architecture and building in Russia // Light & Engineering, 2016, V.24, #2, pp. 4Ц11.
    3. Brones D. A., Lesley R.P. Upper light integrated lamps: a combination of natural and artificial illumination for energy saving // Svetotekhnika, 2002, #6, pp. 33Ц37.
    4. Mingozzi A., Bottiglioni S., Kasalone R. The Arthelio combined illumination installation with hollow light guides // Svetotekhnika, 2002, #1, pp. 18Ц22.
    5. Ayzenberg Yu.B., Buob E., Zigner R., Korobko A.A., Pyatigorsky V.M. A heliostat-LED illumination system for school recreation halls // Svetotekhnika, 1996, #8, pp. 8Ц25.
    6. Ayzenberg Yu. B., Buob E., Meissen T. A heliostat-LED illumination system for school recreation halls // Svetotekhnika, 2002, # 4, pp. 24Ц25.
    7. Ayzenberg Yu.B. Integral systems of room illumination without a sufficient natu More
Standardization of Lighting Fixtures and Installations for Greenhouses
George V. Boos, Eugene I. Rozovsky, Leonid B. Prikupets, Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya

Pages 18-24

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  • The article describes standards for industrial greenhouses irradiators (GOST R57671–2017), methods for measuring PAR region irradiance in overhead and rack-type installations (preliminary standard 211–2017), methods for measuring illuminance (FR.1.37.2017.27376) and photosynthetic irradiance (FR.1.37.2017.27375), photosynthetic photon flux (FR.1.37.2017.27374) and other lighting characteristics, energy efficiency factor calculations for LED installations in greenhouses (FR.1.37.2017.27373), which have been developed at VNISI and are unique in world practice.
  • 1. RTD10–95 “Regulations for Technical Design of Greenhouses and Complexes for Growing Vegetables and Seedlings”.
    2. RD-АPK 1.10.09.01–14 “Guidelines for technological design of greenhouses and greenhouse combines for cultivation of vegetables and seedlings” Moscow: Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 2014, 109 p.
    3. Prikupets L.B. “GALAD” greenhouse fixtures for plants photoculture // Svetotekhnika, 2016, № 5, pp. 47–49.
    4. GOST R57671–2017 “Irradiating devices with light emitting diodes for greenhouses, General technical terms”.
    5. Draft of the standard 211–2017 “Irradiation of plants by light-emitting diodes, Methods of measurements”.
    6. Wright J. Industry Standards for Greenhouse Lighting on the Horizon // http://www.greenhousegrower.com/ technology/industry-standards-for-greenhouse-lighting-on-the-horizon/.
    7. ANSI/ASABE S640 “Quantities and Units of Electromagnetic Radiation for Plants (Photosynthetic Organisms)”.
    8. Stoly More
Assessment of the Current State and Prospects for Development of Irradiation Systems in Modern Greenhouse Facilities
Irina E. Makarova, Vladimir M. Pchelin

Pages 29-35

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  • An analysis of the artificial irradiation system used in modern greenhouses using photoculture is conducted. An assessment of the prospects for the introduction of irradiators with LEDs into this system is given, taking into account the payback period in comparison with traditional irradiators with specular sodium HP lamps.
UV Disinfection Technologies for Water, Air and Surface Treatment
Alexander I. Vasilyev, Denis A. Sobur, Dmitry V. Sokolov, Sergey V. Kostyuchenko, Nikolai N. Kudryavtsev

Pages 25-31

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  • A review of the main modern achievements is presented in development, production and application of UV bactericidal lamps and irradiating installations with their use to disinfect water, air and surfaces. It is shown that LIT NPO takes a worthy place among most large-scale global manufacturers of such lamps and installations.
  • 1. Karmazinov F.V., Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.N., Hramenkov S.V. Ultra-violet technologies in the modern world: A collective monograph / Dolgoprudny: Intellekt Publishing House, 2012, 392 p.
    2. Alshin V.M., Bezdelin S.M., Volkov S.V., Gilbukh A. Ya., Drozhzhin V.V., Zhukov V.I., Kalinsky A.V., Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.I., Kurkin G.A., Smirnov A.D., Yakimenko A.V . Application of UV water irradiation technology instead of primary chlorination // Water supply and sanitary engineering// 1996, #12, pp. 13–16.
    3. Sanitary regulations and standards SanPiN2.1.5.980–00. 2.1.5. “Water disposal of the inhabited places, sanitary protection of water objects. Hygienic requirements to protection of surface water. Health regulations and standards”.
    4. Novikov Yu. V., Tsyplakov G.V., Tulakin A.V., Ampleeva G.P., Trukhina G.M., Korolyov A.A., Bogdanov M.V., Zholdakova Z.I., Kostyuchenko S.V., Yakimenko A.V. Hygienic aspects of sewage water disinfection using ultra-violet More
Highly Effective Covering Materials with Quantum Dots for Greenhouses
Elena Yu. Maksimova, Eugene M. Antipov, Natalia E. Sherstenyova, Sergei A. Pavlov, Sergei L. Koryakin

Pages 36-44

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  • The article considers the application of light-converting polymer films as cover materials for the cultivation of greenhouse crops in a covered soil. We analyse the impact of increasing the level of photosynthesis-active radiation (PAR) level in a greenhouse depending on the season, latitude, the angle of the sun, duration of daylight and on other parameters. The article presents some results of growing crops in greenhouse facilities located at the latitude of Moscow region. The results include a significant shorter vegetative stage, as well, as substantial increase in yield from 30 to 100 % in comparison with the reference conditions.
  • 1. Tikhomirov A.A., Sharupich V.P., Lisovsky G.M. Photoculture of plants: biophysical and biochemical fundamentals. Novosibirsk: The publishing house of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2000, 213 p.
    2. Shpolsky E.V. Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll in a solution and in natural state // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Biology series, 1947, #3, pp. 391Ц406.
    3. Sventitsky I.I. Evaluation of photosynthesis efficiency of optical radiation // Svetotekhnika, 1965, #4, pp. 19Ц24.
    4. Tikhomirov A.A., Lisovsky G.M., Sidko F. Ya. Spectral light composition and producing capacity of plants// Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1991.
    5. McCree, K.J. The Action Spectrum, Absorptance and Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in Crop Plants // Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1972, Vol. 9, pp. 191Ц216.
    6. Molchanov A.G., Samoylenko V.V. Energy saving optical irradiation of industrial greenhouses// Stavropol: ARGUS, 2013, 120 p.
    7. Shulgin I.A. More
Possible Uses of Equipment in Space to Control Earth Surface Illumination
Eugene I. Starovoytov

Pages 32-39

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  • The article reviews research and development from Russian and beyond into the use of equipment in space to control illumination of the earth surface. The main engineering challenges associated with structural selection, opening and completion of space reflectors and screens are described. Preliminary estimates of what constitutes an excessive level of illumination, impacting humans and other living organisms are given. Some technological and economic issues associated with the creation of the control systems for the illumination of the earthТs surface are presented. A need of additional studies of conditions for people living in the illuminated regions is substantiated.
  • 1. Buckingham A.G., Watson H.M. Basic concepts of orbiting reflectors // Journal of Spacecraft. 1968, Vol. 5, No 7, pp.852Ц853.
    2. Ehricke K.A. Space Light: Space Industrial Enhancement of the Solar Option // Acta Astronautica. 1979, Vol. 6, December, pp.1515Ц1633.
    3. Canady J.E., Allen J.L. Illumination from Space with orbiting Solar-reflector Spacecraft. URL: https://ntrs. nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19820025545. pdf (Addressing date: 11.07.2017).
    4. Early J.T. Space-Based solar Shield to offset Greenhouse effect // Journals of The British Interplanetary Society.1989, Vol. 42, pp.567Ц569.
    5. Lukyanov A.V. A shielding disc in the light-gravitation balance point against Earth and planets overheat // Space studies. 1992, V. 30, Issue, pp.1127Ц135.
    6. Angel R. Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1) // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 46?17184Ц17189; doi: 10.107 More
Optimization of Classroom Illumination System Based on Neural Network Algorithm
Hongwu ZENG

Pages 45-51

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  • The optimization of classroom illumination system based on neural network algorithm was studied in order to optimize the classroom illumination system, which can effectively relieve the students С visual fatigue and promote the learning efficiency. The neural network algorithm was used. First of all, on the basis of objective evaluation of classroom illumination system, the design algorithm of university illumination based on neural network was designed creatively. Secondly, the lower-machine program of intelligent Illumination system in university was designed, and the algorithm and model of the design at last were tested. Finally, the design algorithm and the model were tested. The results show that the design can play a good role in optimizing the classroom illumination system.
  • 1. Chen J F., Hsieh H N., Do Q H. Evaluating teaching performance based on fuzzy AHP and comprehensive evaluation approach. Applied Soft Computing, 2015. V28, pp.100Ц108.
    2. Zhang H., Sun X. Research on low carbon supply chain performance evaluation based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Journal of Shandong University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016. V1, p.16.
    3. Zhaoben F., Peijie Y., Ganlin P. Empirical research on credit risk management for electric power clients. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2005. V1, p. 17.
    4. Li X., Yang S., Zhang H. Research on assessment method for power supply service quality. Power System Technology, 2004. V12, p. 8.
    5. Bentaleb, Fatimazahra., Charif Mabrouki., Alami Semma. УA multi-criteria approach for risk assessment of dry port≠seaport system.Ф Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2015. V16, #4, pp.32Ц49.
    6. Huanhuan, Wei., Lu Yuan. УEvaluation of auto dealers credit based on A More
Photometry of Lighting Devices: Current State and Prospects for Development
Eugene I. Rozovsky, Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya

Pages 40-57

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  • The article is a dedicated review of recommendations, methods, and tools for establishing and communicating the standard measurements of photometric, energy, and photon value units. The article considers how photometric values units are reproduced and traced through to the basic units of the International System of Units (SI), as well as how methods and tools of transposing standard measures from primary standards to measuring devices in test centres and laboratories. Modern day measurement requirements for test methods and facilities for illumination devices used in different illumination systems are also considered.
  • 1. Gerloff T., Lindemann M., Shirokov S., Taddeo M., Pendsa S., and Sperling A. Development of a New High-Power LED Transfer Standard// Light & Engineering #2. 2013, pp.41–46.
    2. Agafonov D.R., Sapritsky V.I., Stolyarevskaya R.I., and Tolstikh G.N. Luminous Intensity LED Working Gage// Light & Engineering, V.8, 2000, #2, pp.74–80.
    3. Sildoja M. et al. Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector I. Photodiodes and predicted responsivity//Metrologia, 2013, V. 50, pp. 385–394.
    4. Muller I. et al. Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector II. Characterization Results// Metrologia, 2013, 50, V.50, pp. 395–401.
    5. Krueger, U. 2001. Technological aspect of the spectral correction adjustment of space-resolved radiation detectors. Light & Engineering, V.9; No.3, pp.61–71.
    6. Wei?haar Jurgen P. Next Generation Goniophotometry// Light & Engineering, 2015, V.23, #4, pp.75–80.
    7. URL: http://www.instrumentsystems.com. (дата обращения 24.01.2017)
    8. Zwinkels J.C., Ik More
Optimization of Intelligent Illumination in University Classroom Based on FMRAS Control Algorithm
Wenhao DUN

Pages 52-59

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  • Based on the FMRAS control algorithm, the optimization of the intelligent illumination in the classroom was studied, aiming at optimizing the classroom illumination and improving the energy utilization. The FMRAS control algorithm, based on technology, was used to design a fuzzy control system of intelligent illumination in college classroom. The analysis is based on the improved adaptive algorithm Ц FMRAS. After the PWM code is automatically generated, the system can automatically control the lighting of the lamps. Through the research, the result has been obtained: the method designed can meet the needs of the optimization of intelligent lighting in the classroom, and can further improve the efficiency and intelligence of classroom lighting in universities.
  • 1. Zhang Y., Li B., Su X., et al. A Study of Schoolroom Lighting Fuzzy Control System. International Journal of Control and Automation, 2015. V8, #1, pp.189Ц196.
    2. Morey M S., Virulkar V B., Dhomane G A. MRAS based Speed identification and online updating of rotor time constant for sensorless field oriented controlled induction motor. Emerging Trends in Electrical Electronics & Sustainable Energy Systems (ICETEESES), International Conference on. IEEE, 2016. pp.179Ц185.
    3. Kirkby, J. L., Deng, S. "Static hedging and pricing of exotic options with payoff frames." Available at SSRN2501812, 2017.
    4. Zumbrunn S., McKim C., Buhs E., et al. Support, belonging, motivation, and engagement in the college classroom: A mixed method study. Instructional Science, 2014. V42, #5, pp.661Ц684.
    5. Biddix J P., Chung C J., Park H W. The hybrid shift: Evidencing a student-driven restructuring of the college classroom. Computers & Education, 2015. V80, pp.162Ц175.
    6. Berry M J. More
Development of Nnew Photometric Standards Based on High Power LEDs
Boris B. Khlevnoy, Eugene V. Tyshchenko, Eugene A. Ivashin, Stanislav S. Shirokov

Pages 58-62

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  • The paper describes the study design and results on stability and photometric characteristics of new powerful (> 10 W) thermally stabilised LED standard light sources for transmission of luminous flux and luminous intensity units, and in the long term full radiation flux.
  • 1. Zwinkels, L.C. CCPR Activities Related to LEDbased Calibration Standards // CIE Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency Conference. Melbourne, Australia, 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298212170_CCPR_Activities_Related_to_LEDbased_Calibration_Standards
    2. Blattner, P. CIE report to CCPR2016. https://www.bipm.org/cc/CCPR/Allowed/23/CCPR16_42_CIE_report_to_CCPR.pdf
    3. Ohno, Y. et al. LED Sources in Photometry at NIST // Report to CCPR2016. https://www.bipm.org/cc/CCPR/Allowed/23/CCPR16_47_Y_Ohno_LED_sources_ in_photometry_at_NIST_for_CCPR_2016Ц11Ц07.pdf
    4. Zama, T. NMIJ Research Activities relevant to LED Sources for Photometry // Report to CCPR2016. https://www1.bipm.org/cc/CCPR/Allowed/23/CCPR16_46_NMIJ_Activities_LED_soureces_Photometry.pdf
    5. Gerloff, T., Lindemann, M., Shirokov, S., Taddeo, M., Pendsa, S., Sperling, A. Development of a new high-power LED transfer standard // CIE Proceedings 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293172 More
SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities
Anna Luusua, Henrika Pihlajaniemi, Eveliina Juntunen

Pages 60-67

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  • This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.
  • 1. H. Pihlajaniemi, ТDesigning and experiencing adaptive lighting. Case studies with adaptation, interaction and participation,У Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, H3 Architectonica, 2016 [Online]. Available: http://jultika.oulu.fi/ Record/isbn978Р952Р62Р1090Р2.
    2. H. Pihlajaniemi, E. Juntunen, A. Luusua, M. Tarkka?Salin and J. Juntunen, ТSenCity Р Piloting Intelligent Lighting and User-Oriented Services in Complex Smart City Environments,У in Proceedings of eCAADe 2016, pp. 669Р680.
    3. V. Vili?nas, et al. ТSubjective evaluation of luminance distribution for intelligent outdoor lighting,У Lighting Research & Technology, 2014, 46(4), pp. 421Р433.
    4. A. Haans and Y. A. de Kort, ТLight distribution in dynamic street lighting: Two experimental studies on its effects on perceived safety, prospect, concealment, and escape,У Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2012, 32(4), pp. 342Р352.
    5. D. Casciani, ТUrban social lighting. Exploring t More
Analysis of LED Driver Topologies with Respect to Power Factor and THD
Amit Soni, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Trilok Chandra Bansal

Pages 63-68

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  • Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are fast replacing incandescent lamps and CFLs in most of the developing nations. The reason can be attributed mainly to the enhanced lifetime and less energy consumption as compared to the other mentioned types. However one important aspect needs attention, the impact of driver on LEDs. LEDs are current controlled devices and hence emit maximum light with increase in current input to the device. This feature, boost up the light output but it increases the junction temperature of the device. Hence additional heat sinks are required to vent out the excessive heat generated due to increase current input to the LEDs. Those additional heat sinks are at times difficult to accommodate. So, designers have made arrangements to vent out the heat from the device. This is achieved by designing fins. However this arrangement is not suitable in places where the ambient temperature is more than normal. Thus, design of LED driver with controlled current input is essential More
  • 1. Liu Yu, Jinmin Yang, “The topologies of white LED lamps’ power drivers,”3rd IEEE Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA), 2009, 20th –22nd May 2009, Hong Kong, pp.1–6.
    2. Huang-Jen Chiu et. al., “A High Efficiency dimmable LED driver for low power lighting applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, # 2, February 2010, pp.735–743.
    3. D. Aguilar, C.P. Henze, “LED driver circuit with inherent PFC,” Twenty-Fifth IEEE Annual Conference on Applied Power Electronics and Exposition (APEC) 2010, 21st –25th February 2010, Palm Springs, CA, pp.605–610.
    4. Tzuen-Lih Chern et. al., “Design of LED driver circuits with single stage PFC in CCM and DCM,” 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 2011, 21st-23rd June 2011, Beijing, pp.2358–2363.
    5. Hu Yuequan, L. Huber, M.M. Jovanovic, “Single Stage, Universal Input AC/DC LED driver with current controlled variable PFC boost inductor,” IEEE Transac More
Effective Radiant Flux for Non-image Forming Effects – is the Illuminance and the Melanopic Irradiance at the Eye Really the Right Measure
Kai Broszio, Mathias Niedling, Martine Knoop, Stephan Völker

Pages 68-74

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  • Research indicates that intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells are not evenly distributed or evenly sensitive throughout the retina. Still, most research looking into non-image forming (NIF) effects uses an integral measured quantity, illuminance or melanopic weighted irradiance, to represent the amount of light at the participantsХ eye level. This paper describes a theoretical approach to define the effective radiant flux for stimulating the ipRGCs, taking into account a spatially resolved sensitivity. Research on retinal sensitivity is scares and not yet substantial, but the methodology can easily be adopted when areas of specific sensitivity are set. Preliminary results indicate that, with similar vertical illuminances and spectral power distribution, typical office lighting solutions might have a lower NIF effectiveness than settings with higher luminances in the central part of the field of view. This could explain why research on NIF effects is inconclusive, even tho More
  • 1. LiTG (2015), Тöber die nicht-visuelle Wirkung des Lichts auf den Menschen,У Deutsche Lichttechnische Gesellschaft e.V., Berlin, vol. 1, 2015.
    2. C. Schierz, ТZur Photometrie nichtvisueller Lichtwirkungen,У in Proc. 2008 Symposium ТLicht und GesundheitУ, pp. 112Р123.
    3. P. Teikari, ТSpectral modulation of melanopsin responses: role of melanopsin bistability in pupillary light reflex,У Ph.D. dissertation, Universitö Claude Bernard- Lyon I, 2012.
    4. P. Novotny, P. Paulick, M.J. Schwarz, H. Plischke, ТThe Solid Angle of Light Sources and Its Impact on the Suppression of Melatonin in Humans,У in Proc. 2013 Human- Computer Interaction. Towards Intelligent and Implicit Interaction Conf., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8008. Kurosu, Ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013, pp. 454Р463.
    5. J. Y. Wang, J.P. Hanifin, M.D. Rollag and G.C. Brainard, ТOcular regulation of the human pineal gland: The significance of total retinal exposure for melatonin supp More
A Simple Method to Improve VCP by Reducing DGR in an Interior Lighting Installation
Abedi Kamal ad-Din, Madjidi Faramarz

Pages 73-80

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  • Discomfort glare rating (DGR) and Unified glare rating (UGR) are main models currently used as discomfort glare evaluation systems, both of which are calculated employing four factors including the luminaire size, the luminaire position relative to the observer, background luminance, and the luminaires number and location. This study aims at proposing a simple solution for reducing DGR and thereby increasing visual comfort perception (VCP) in an interior lighting system. The proposed solution is based solely on variations of luminaire surface area without change in other factors, e.g. candlepower and number and location of luminaires in the lighting system. To this end, firstly, the equations related to DGR were modified for a desired luminaire, and, secondly, by solving the modified equations, the new luminaire surface area was obtained, which caused DGR decrease and VCP improvement. Finally, by some modifications in the location of selected luminaires having main role on DGR, the VCP More
  • 1. J.A. Veitch, G.R. Newsham, Determinants of lighting quality I: State of the science, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 1998, 27, pp. 92Ц106.
    2. W.K. Osterhaus, I.L. Bailey, Large area glare sources and their effect on visual discomfort and visual performance at computer workstations, in: Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1992., Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE, IEEE, 1992, pp. 1825Ц1829.
    3. K. Van Den Wymelenberg, M. Inanici, Evaluating a New Suite of Luminance-Based Design Metrics for Predicting Human Visual Comfort in Offices with Daylight, LEUKOS,2015, pp.1Ц26.
    4. J. Wienold, J. Christoffersen, Evaluation methods and development of a new glare prediction model for daylight environments with the use of CCD cameras, Energy and buildings, 2006, 38, pp. 743Ц757.
    5. IESNA, The IESNA lighting handbook: reference & application, 9th ed., 2000.
    6. J.R. Benya, Controlling Glare, Deciphering this technical condition to create respon More
Receptive Field Mechanism and Pupilary Light Reflex for the Assessment of Visual Discomfort
Gertjan Hilde Scheir, Peter Hanselaer, Wouter Rita Ryckaert

Pages 75-80

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  • Discomfort glare is defined as glare that causes discomfort without necessarily impairing the vision of objects. Traditional glare metrics fail for non-uniform luminaires. As an alternative, visual discomfort is determined by a physiological model incorporating the centre­surround receptive field mechanism and the pupillary light reflex. The pupil area, controlled by the pupillary light reflex, regulates the retinal illuminance. A centre-surround receptive field, described by a difference of Gaussians, represents the visual signal. The centre excites the signal whereas the surround controls the inhibition. A forced choice paired comparison experiment involves 7 non-uniform rear projected stimuli with different spatial frequencies. Inspired by a promising coefficient of determination of 0.90, the model is a candidate to replace current glare metrics as UGR or VCP, especially when non­uniform luminaires are to be evaluated.
  • 1. CIE, International Lighting Vocabulary. Vienna: CIE, 1987.
    2. M. Luckiesh and L.L. Holladay, “Glare and Visibility,” Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 1925, 20, pp. 221–252. 3. CIE, “CIE117:1995. Discomfort Glare in Interior Lighting.” CIE: Vienna, 1995.
    4. CEN, “CEN2011. Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places,” Belgium, 2011. 5. IESNA, The IESNA Lighting Handbook. Ninth ed. IENSA. USA, 2000.
    6. N. Hara and S. Hasegawa, “Study on Discomfort Glare Rating of the Luminaire with LED Array,” Journal of the illuminating engineering institute of Japan, 2012, 96(2), pp. 81–88.
    7. H. Cai and T. Chung, “Evaluating discomfort glare from non-uniform electric light sources,” Lighting Research and Technology, 2013, 45(3), pp. 267–294.
    8. L. Geerdinck, J.R. Van Gheluwe, and M. C. J.M. Vissenberg, “Discomfort glare perception of non-uniform light sources in an office setting,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, More
Nocturnal Architecture of Buildings: Interaction of Exterior Lighting and Visual Beauty
Fahimeh Nikoudel, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Javad Vazifehdan

Pages 81-90

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  • Exterior lighting of buildings and their appearance at night is an important issue in architectural design. While the effect of natural daylight on the appearance of a building during the day is not completely under the control of the designer, exterior lighting at night is a design choice that can strongly effects the beauty of a building. The current research Delft University of Technology examined the effect of exterior lighting on the appearance of buildings at night using a questionnaire-based research methodology accompanied by in-depth statistical analysis of the results. The aspects addressed are how exterior lighting and its elements, such as luminous intensity (low vs. high intensity), colour diversity (single vs. multiple colour), lighting type (accent vs. uniform), and lighting state (harmonized vs. diversified), can affect the perception of the beauty of a building facade at night. The results confirm that exterior lighting of buildings substantially increases the beauty o More
  • 1. D. Neumann, Architecture of the Night: The Illuminated Building, Prestel Publishing, August 2002.
    2. S. Russell, The Architecture of Light Ц Architectural Lighting Design Concepts and Techniques, Conceptnine, 2012.
    3. W. Schivelbusch and A. Davies, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century, University of California Press, December 1995.
    4. A.R. Bean, Lighting: Interior and Exterior, Routledge, March 2004.
    5. C. Cuttle, Lighting by Design, Routledge, November 2008.
    6. C. Cuttle, Lighting Design: A Perception-Based Approach, Routledge, April 2015.
    7. F.W. Heard, F.H. Stone, and B.W. Jewess, Effect of Atmospheric Attenuation on Exterior Lighting Design, Lighting Research and Technology, December 1976, Vol. 8.
    8. U. Brandi, Lighting for Cities, Birkhauser Architecture. 2006.
    9. F.H. Mahnke, Color, Environment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Ele More
TM-30–15 and CIE-CRI-Ra: Investigation of Сolour Rendering of White PC LEDs
Alexander Wilm, Carolin Horst, Christoph Schierz, Karin Bieske, Ulla Maria Hartwig

Pages 81-87

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  • The colour rendering properties of 21 phosphor converted LED light sources (pc LED) with different Rf and Rg values as in the Fidelity Index and Gamut Index of the TM­30–15 have been investigated. Scenarios illuminated by pc LEDs, a fluorescent lamp (FL) and a tungsten halogen lamp (THL) were presented to 34 subjects. An assortment of coloured objects was arranged identically in two adjoining booths and participants rated the test scenarios in comparison with the reference illuminant (THL). For colour quality, both indexes are reflected in the observer’s ratings. The Fidelity Index strongly correlates with the colour difference and colour shift perceived; the Gamut Index with the subjects’ ratings of the colour saturation. Participants found the best match with the fluorescent lamp (Rf = 80/ Rg = 100) to be the pc LEDs with Rf = 75/ Rg = 105 and Rf = 80/ Rg = 105.
  • 1. CIE Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources, CIE13.3, 1995.
    2. N. Narendran and L. Deng, “Color Rendering Properties of LED Light Sources”, Proceedings of SPIE, 2002, Vol. 4776, pp. 61–67.
    3. Illuminating Engineering Society of North Amerika, IES Method for Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition, 2015, IES TM­30–15.
    4. W.A. Thornton, “Colour­discrimination index”, J Opt Soc Am., 1972, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 191–194.
    5. M. S. Rea, L. Deng and R. Wolsey, “Light Sources and Colour,” NLPIP Lighting Answers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY), Vol. 8, no. 1, October 2004.
    6. H. Xu, “Colour­rendering capacity of illumination”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1983 Dec; 73(12):1709–13.
    7. M.P. Royer, A. Wilkerson, M. Wei, K. Houser and R. Davis, “Human perceptions of colour rendition vary with average fidelity, average gamut, and gamut shape”, Lighting Res. Technol. 2016, 0: pp. 1–26.
Performance Analysis of Various Types of High Power Light Emitting Diodes
Debashis Raul, Kamalika Ghosh

Pages 91-98

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  • Solid state, energy efficient light emitting diode (LED) technology is coming up to replace the conventional gas discharge, etc. light sources. Although declared life of LED is very high but in tropical countries their life time appears very short. This phenomenon is becoming the most drawbacks for usage of LED. To search out the reason for the failure lead to undertake thorough study on the performance of LED specifically on the various environmental conditions. Experimentation was carried out with various types of commercially available high power LED. Failure in tropical countries may be due to effect of temperature. Test results have been noted at various major parts of LEDs, e.g. die, and sink area. Detail analysis of test results at various parts of LEDs in different conditions tends to have some idea about the cause of failure of the LEDs in tropical countries with high ambient temperature and less scope of heat generation by the light source.
  • 1. N.Narendran, Y. Gu, J.P. Freyssinier-Nava and Y. Zhu, “Extracting phosphor-scattered photons to improve white LED efficiency”, Rapid Research letters, DOI 10.1002/pasa.200510015, R60–62, 2005.
    2. E Fred Schubert, Jaehee Cho & Jong Kyu Kim, “Light Emitting Diodes”, Elsevier, oi:10.1016/B978–0– 12–803581–8.01081-X, 2016.
    3. A. Keppens, W.R. Ryckaert, G. Deconinck, and P. Hanselaer, “High power light-emitting diode junction temperature determination from current voltage characteristics” JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS104, 093104–1–8, 2008, DOI: 10.1063/1.3009966.
    4. A.E. Chernyakov, A.L. Zakgeim, K.A. Bulashevich, S. Yu. Karpov, V.l. Smirnov & V.A. Sergeev, “Theoretical and Experimental Study of Thermal Management in High-Power AlInGaN LEDs”, IEEE2014 15th international Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE2014, ISBN-78–1– 4799–4790–4, 2014.
    5. Gordon Elger, Alexander Hanss, Maxim More
On Site Photometric Characterisation of Cement Concrete Pavements with COLUROUTE Device
Valerie Muzet

Pages 88-94

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  • The standard tool for characterizing road surface photometry is the reduced luminance coefficient table (or R­table), as defined in the seventies by the CIE. Since these tables are no longer representative, measuring road photometry is necessary for optimizing a lighting installation and ensuring luminance level and uniformity. The objective of the study was to characterise and follow on site the photometric characteristics of different concretes with time and traffic. A first experiment was done with two concrete formulations (broomed and water jet scrubbed concrete) located around a much circulated concrete mixer plant. The photometric characterisation of these pavements was done with the portable reflectometer COLUROUTE device during three years. The selected surface treatment was applied in a tunnel and the photometric characteristics were measured during 30 months. It was shown that the concrete pavements are more diffuse and clear than classical pavements. Their use could generat More
  • 1. “Road Surfaces and lighting”, joint CIE/PIARC publication, CIE66–1984.
    2. “Road surface and road marking reflexion characteristics”, Tech. Rep., CIE144–2001.
    3. E. Dumont, “Photometrie des chaussees et eclairage public”, Etudes et Recherches des laboratoires des ponts et chaussees, CR45, Ed. LCPC, 2007 (in french).
    4. C. Chain, F. Lopez, and P. Verny, “Impact of real road photometry on public lighting design”, Presentation at 26th session of the CIE, July 4–11, 2007, Beijing, China.
    5. E. Dumont, F. Fournela, V. Muzet, J­L. Paumier, C. Venin, “Pavement reflection properties and luminance distribution: measurements on a road lighting test track and comparison with standard calculations”, Poster at 26th SESSION of the CIE, July 4–11, 2007, Beijing, China.
    6. E. Dumont, J­L Paumier, “Are standard tables R still representative of the properties of road surfaces in France?”, Poster at 26th session of the CIE, July 4–11, 2007, Beijing, China.
    7. M. Jack More
Daylighting Performance of Manual Solar Shades
Jian Yao

Pages 99-104

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  • The daylighting performance improvement of manual solar shades was compared with two conventional window scenarios. A developed stochastic model for manual solar shades was used for co-simulation by BCVTB. Results show that manual solar shades increase useful daylight illuminance by approximately 160 % compared to conventional windows with less significant daylight illuminance fluctuation. In addition, occupants operate solar shades effectively during the late spring and early summer and the manual control during other periods can be further improved to enhance daylighting performance.
  • 1. Stazi F, Marinelli S, Di Perna C, Munafo P. Comparison on solar shadings: Monitoring of the thermo-physical behaviour, assessment of the energy saving, thermal comfort, natural lighting and environmental impact. SOL ENERGY. 2014;105, pp. 512Ц528.
    2. Esquivias P, Munoz C, Acosta I, Moreno D, Navarro J. Climate-based daylight analysis of fixed shading devices in an open-plan office. Lighting Research and Technology. 2015, 48, pp. 205Ц220.
    3. Nielsen MV, Svendsen S, Jensen LB. Quantifying the potential of automated dynamic solar shading in office buildings through integrated simulations of energy and daylight. SOL ENERGY. 2011,85, pp.757Ц768.
    4. Yao J. Determining the energy performance of manually controlled solar shades: A stochastic model based co-simulation analysis. APPL ENERG. 2014,127, pp.64Ц80.
    5. Sun K, Yan D, Hong T, Guo S. Stochastic Modeling of Overtime Occupancy and Its Application in Building Energy Simulation and Calibration. BUILD ENVIRON. 2014. < More
Advancement in Road Lighting
Eino Tetri, Sanaz Bozorg Chenani, Rami-Samuli Rasanen

Pages 99-109

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  • Road lighting is on the verge of one of the most attentive changes since its first introduction. The synergetic effect of the advancement of road lighting technology and usage pattern is going to change the concept of road lighting. By most estimates, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are the most energy efficient light sources that can be used in road lighting. Today, the energy saving potential when replacing HPS lamps with LED luminaires is one-third with current technology and two-thirds with improved technology in the future. This technological transformation has the potential of energy saving up to 83 % in comparison with HPS lamps. The energy saving is achievable with changing the pattern of use by intelligent road lighting control based on reducing burning hours. Intelligent road lighting can be based on such parameters as traffic density, ambient light, road condition and weather circumstances. It can also be more dynamic and consider the combined effect of road lighting and indivi More
  • 1. IEA. International Energy Agency, LightТs labour lost: Policies for Energy-efficient Lighting, 2006. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/ publication/light2006.pdf. [Accessed 21 7 2017].
    2. Tetri, E., Bozorg Chenani, S., Rasanen R-S., Baumgartner, H., Vaaja, M., Sierla, S., Tahkamo, L., Virtanen, J-P., Kurkela, M., Ikonen, E., Halonen, L., Hyyppa, H., and Kosonen, I. Tutorial: Road Lighting for Efficient and Safe Traffic Environments., LEUKOS Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2017. V13, #4, pp. 223Ц241.
    3. Van Bommel, W. Road lighting fundamentals, technology and application, Switzerland: Springer, 2015, p. 334.
    4. CIE Commission Internationale de lТEclairage, Road lighting as an accident countermeasure, CIE. Publication No. 93., Vienna (Austria), 1992.
    5. Elvik, R. Meta-analysis of evaluations of public lighting as accident countermeasure, Transportation research record (TRR), 1995, pp. 112Ц1 More
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