Julian B. Aizenberg and Vladimir P. Budak The Science of Light Engineering, Fields of Application and Theoretical Foundations

Anton M. Mishchenko, Sergei S. Rachkovsky, Vladimir A. Smolin, and Igor V. Yakimenko Results of Spatial Structure of Atmosphere Radiation in a Spectral Range (1.5–2) µm Research

Michail Yu. Kataev and Andrei K. Lukyanov Simulation of Reflected Solar Radiation for Atmosphere Gas Composition Evaluation for Optical Remote Sensing from Space

Nikolai N. Bogdanov, Andrei D. Zhdanov, Dmitriy D. Zhdanov, and Igor S. Potyomin Analysis of Errors in the Relief of Scattering Microstructures in Light-Conducting Systems Modelling

Nicolai I. Shchepetkov, George N. Cherkasov, and Vladimir A. Novikov Lighting of Engineering Structures and Industrial Facilities: New Aspects of the Topic

Zhiqiao WANG Development of LED Light Sources in Landscape Lighting

Julian B. Aizenberg and Vladimir P. Budak The Science of Light Engineering, Fields of Application and Theoretical Foundations

Anton M. Mishchenko, Sergei S. Rachkovsky, Vladimir A. Smolin, and Igor V. Yakimenko Results of Spatial Structure of Atmosphere Radiation in a Spectral Range (1.5–2) µm Research

Michail Yu. Kataev and Andrei K. Lukyanov Simulation of Reflected Solar Radiation for Atmosphere Gas Composition Evaluation for Optical Remote Sensing from Space

Nikolai N. Bogdanov, Andrei D. Zhdanov, Dmitriy D. Zhdanov, and Igor S. Potyomin Analysis of Errors in the Relief of Scattering Microstructures in Light-Conducting Systems Modelling

Nicolai I. Shchepetkov, George N. Cherkasov, and Vladimir A. Novikov Lighting of Engineering Structures and Industrial Facilities: New Aspects of the Topic

Zhiqiao WANG Development of LED Light Sources in Landscape Lighting

1. Bouguer P. Optical tractate about light gradation, Moscow, The USSSR Academy of Science, 1950.
2. Lambert J.H., Photometria, sive de Mensura et Gradibus luminais, Colorum et Umbrae. Augsburg, 1760.
3. Gershun A.A. Selected manuscripts on photometry and lighting engineering / Moscow, G. Phys.Math. P.H., Leningrad, 1958.
4. Kepler J. Ad vitellionem paralipomena, quibus astronomiae pars optica traditur de modo visionis, & humorum oculi usu, contra options& anatomicos. Frankfurt: C. Marnius & Heirs of J. Aubrius, 1604.
5. Apresyan L.A., Kravtsov Yu.A. Theory of radiation transfer: statistical and wave aspects/ Moscow, Science (Nauka), Main publisher house of phys.math. literature, 1983.
6. Veklenko B.A. The Nature of the Photon and Quantum Optics// Light & Engineering, 2018, V.26, #2, pp. 4–13.
7. Born M., Wolf E. Fundamentals of Optics/ Second edition, Translation from Eng. To Russian Moscow, Science (Nauka), Main publisher house of phys.math. literature, 1973.

1. Allenov A.M., Solovyov V.A. Correlation (spatial) relations between luminance fluctuations created by cloudy nonuniformities in the (8–13) µm interval / Proceedings of the IEM, 1995, Issue 25 (160): Atmosphere optics, pp. 3–15.
2. Allenov A.M., Solovyov V.A., Yakimenko I.V., etc. Studies of radiation of optical background in the (3–5) µm and (8–13) µm intervals / Proceedings of the IEM, 1996, Issue 26 (161), Physics of atmosphere, pp. 31–50.
3. Allenov A.M., Solovyov V.A., Yakimenko I.V. Structure of radiation of optical backgrounds in the (0.4–15) µm interval / Proceedings of the IEM, 1997, Issue 28 (163), Physics of atmosphere, pp. 3–41.
4. Allenov A.M., Ivanova N.P. Time changeability of the sky radiation spatial structure in the 8–13 µ interval with cumulus cloud cover / The Optical journal, 2001, V. 68, #3, pp. 43–44.
5. Allenov M.I., Solovyov V.A., etc. Stochastic structure of cloud cover radiation / SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 2000, 175 p.
6. Knapp H.W. et al. Discriminating between water and ice clouds using near infrared AVIRIS measurements // Summaries of the ninth JPL Aerborne Earth Science workshop, 2000, Feb 23–25, JPL.
7. Clough S.A., Shephard M.W., Mlawer E.J., Delamere J.S., Iacono M.J., CadyPereira K., Boukabara S., Brown P.D. Atmospheric radiation transfer modelling: a summary of the AER codes // Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiation Transfer, 2005, Vol. 91, Issue 2, pp. 233–244.
8. Huang B., Mielikainen J., Oh H., Huang H.L.A. Development of a GPUbased highperformance radiation transfer model for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) // Journal of Computational Physics, 2011, Vol. 230, Issue 6, pp. 2207–2221.
9. Lieven C., Hurtmans D., Clerbaux C., HadjiLazaro J., Ngadi Y., Coheur P.F. Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) // Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2012, Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 581–594.
10. Chen X., Wei H., Xu Q. Infrared atmospheric transmittance calculation model // Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2011, Vol. 40, Issue 5.
11. Mishchenko A.M., Rachkovsky S.S., Smolin V.A., Yakimenko I.V. Experimental studies of spatial distribution of atmospheric background intrinsic radiation in the infrared wave length interval // Radio Engineering, 2017, #2, pp. 119–125.
12. Kriksunov L.Z. Handbook on foundations of infrared facilities. – Moscow: Sovetskoye Radio, 1978, 400 p.
13. V.A. Solovyov et al. Experimental determination of infrared radiation of planes while in flight, [a monograph], scientific­and­theoretical publishing / Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation, Smolensk: MA AAD of RF, 2009, 83 p.
14. Yakimenko I.V. Methods, models and facilities of detecting air targets against atmospheric background using wideangle optoelectronic systems. The second revised edition, SPb.: Lan, 2014, 176 p.

At present, in optical remote sensing of atmosphere from space, a new problem class appears: to determine little gas components (carbon dioxide, methane, etc.), which cause greenhouse effect. Concentration of these gases in atmosphere is less than one percent, which rigidly limits accuracy of satellite measurements and of simulating spatial concentration of the radiation (signal) flow reflected by Earth. In the article, a description of simulating signals received by satellite spectrometer in nearinfrared spectrum region is given. The signals are solar radiation passed through an atmosphere layer and reflected from Earth surface. It is calculated based on parametrical radiation atmosphere scattering and absorption model, which takes into consideration both multidimensional atmosphere parameter structure and Earth surface relief. Accounting such information allows you to go from measurement of spatial radiation flux to calculations of gas concentration for an arbitrary geographical Earth surface point and for any time point. As an example, calculations for Fourier spectrometer for spectrum measurement near IR region with an average spectral resolution are presented. The spectrometer was installed on the GOSAT satellite of the Space Agency of Japan. A comparison of computed and of really measured values of the signal received by the satellite shows that deviation for the Sun zenith angle equal to 30o does not exceed 3 %.

1. Gushchin G.P. Studies of atmospheric ozone. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1963, 289 p.
2. Khrgian A.H. Physics of atmospheric ozone. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1973, 285 p.
3. Malkevich M.S. Optical studies of atmosphere from satellites. Moscow: Nauka, 1973, 303 p.
4. Kondratyev K. Ya., Timofeev Yu.M. Meteorological sounding of atmosphere from space. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1978, 280 p.
5. Timofeev YU. M., Vasilyev A.V. Fundamentals of theoretical atmospheric optics. SPb., 2007, 152 p.
6. Hoffman N., Preetham A.J. Real­time light­atmosphere interactions for outdoor scenes. // Graphics programming methods, 2003, pp. 337–352.
7. Otterman, J. Singlescattering solution for radiative transfer through a turbid atmosphere. // Appl. Opt, 1978, Vol.1, No.17(21), pp. 3431–3438.
8. http://smsc.cnes.fr/IASI.
9. http://www.sciamachy.org.
10. http://www.gosat.nies.go.jp.
11. IPCC, Synthesis Report, Section 2.4: Attribution of climate change, in IPCC AR4 SYR2007.v 12. Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Chen Z., Marquis M., Averyt K.B., Tignor M., Miller H.L. (eds). IPCC2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. // Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996p.
13. Pachauri R.K., Meyer L.A. (eds.) IPCC2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151p.
14. Katayev M. Yu. A program simulation system of solar radiation reflected from Earth surface /M. Yu. Katayev, I.V. Boychenko // TUSUR Reports, 2009, #1(19), Part1, pp. 88–95.
15. Krylov A.S., Vtyurin A.N., Gerasimova Yu.V. Data processing of infrared Fourier of spectroscopy. A textbook of methodics. Pre­print #832 Ф. Krasnoyarsk: Institute of physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2005, 48 p.
16. Hopfner M., Emde C. Comparison of single and multiple scattering approaches for the simulation of limbemission observations in the midIR // Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 2005, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp.275–285.
17. Breon F., Frouin R., Gautier C. Downwelling longwave irradiance at the ocean surface: An assessment of in situ measurements and parameterizations // J. Appl. Meteorology, 1991, Vol. 30, No.1, pp.17–31.
18. Kane Van, R., Gillespie, A.R. Interpretation and topographic compensation of conifer canopy selfshadowing // Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008, Vol. 112, No. 10, pp.3820–3822.
19. Farr, T.G., Hensley, S., Rodriguez, E., Martin, J., Kobrick, M. The shuttle radar topography mission // CEOS SAR Workshop, Toulouse 26–29 Oct. 1999, Noordwijk, 2000, pp. 361–363.
20. Rothman, L.S., Gordon, I.E., Babikov, Y. et al. The HITRAN2012 Molecular Spectroscopic Database // Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiation Transfer, 2013, Vol.130, No. 11, pp. 4–50.
21. http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/.
22. Hess, M., Koepke, P., Schult, I. Optical Properties of Aerosols and clouds: The software package OPAC // Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 1998, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 831–844.
23. Thuillier, G., Herse, M., Simon, P.C., Labs, D., Mandel, H., Gillotay, D., Foujols, T. The solar spectral irradiance from 200 to 2400 nm as measured by the SOLSPEC spectrometer from the ATLAS1–2–3 and EURECA missions // Sol. Phys., 2003, Vol. 214, No. 1, pp. 1–22.
24. Katayev M. Yu., Lukyanov A.K. Parallel technologies in the simulation problem of a satellite Fourier spectrometer signal // The Seventh Siberian conference on parallel and highperformance calculations. Report program and theses, November, 12–14, 2013, Tomsk: Publishing House of the Tomsk University, 2013, pp. 23–24.

1. Shponkina Yu. Energy saving in electrical energy industry // ER, 2014, #3 (57), pp. 22–24.
2. Chang­Yi Li, Jui­Wen Pan “High­efficiency backlight module with two guiding modes” // Applied Optics, 2014, Vol. 53, # 8, pp. 1503–1511.
3. Young Chul Kim, TaeSik Oh, Yong Min Lee “Optimized pattern design of lightguide plate (LGP)” // Optica Applicata, 2011, Vol. XLI, No. 4, pp. 863–872.
4. Zhdanov D.D., Zhdanov A.D., Potyomin I.S. A quick method of constructing local equidistant distributions of micro geometrical objects of illumination systems // Optics and spectroscopy, 2015. #2, pp. 329–336.
5. ChaoHeng Chien, ZhiPeng Chen “Design and fabrication of the concentric circle light guiding plate for LEDbacklight module by MEMS technique” // Microsyst. Technol, 2007, #13, pp. 1529–1535, DOI 10.1007/s00542–006–0365y.
6. ChiungFang Huang, YungKang Shen, Yi Lin, JenChang Yang “Luminance and brightness field distribution of light guiding plate for backlight panel (BLP) by micro moulding” // Polymers for advanced technologies, 2008, Vol. 19, Issue 12, pp. 1887–1893.
7. URL: http://denso.com/; http://densoeurope.com/products/informationsafetysystems/instrumentclusters/ (addressing date: 5/20/2017).
8. United States Patent 13/562,888 July 31, 2012. Light emitting device and system providing white light with various colour temperatures / US20120293093 A1, Nov 22, 2012/ Kim; YuSik. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (KR).
9. United States Patent 15/048,476 Feb.19. 2016. Electronic device / US2017/0097614 A1, Apr.6, 2017/ Pilgoo Kang, Dongseuck KO and other. LG Electronics Inc.
10. United States Patent 14/918,591 October 21, 2015. Light guide plate, backlight module and display device / US9,557,469 B2 January 31, 2017/ Chang, ChiaYin and other. Radiant OptoElectronics Corporation.
11. Davenport T.L.R., Cassarly W.J. Optimizing Density Patterns to Achieve Desired Light Extraction for Displays // Proc. SPIE, 2007, Vol. 6342, p. 63420T.
12. United States Patent 14/632,377 February 26, 2015. Backlight module having a frame element, light bar, light guiding plate and light bar cover / US9,739,930 B2, August 22, 2017// Lo; ChingI. INNOLUX CORPORATION.
13. Zhdanov D.D., Sokolov V.G., Potemin I.S., Voloboy A.G, Galaktionov V.A., Kirilov N. Modeling and Computer Design of Liquid Crystal Display Backlight with Light Polarization Film // Optical Review, 2014, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 642–650.
14. ChengHuan Yang, SenYeu Yang “A highbrightness light guide plate with high precise doublesided microstructures fabricated using the fixed boundary hot embossing technique” // Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2013, Vol. 23, p. 035033.
15. ChengHsienWu and ChienHung Lu “Fabrication of an LCD light guide plate using closeddie hot embossing” // Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2008, Vol. 18, p. 035006.
16. JenChin Yang, ChungChing Huang Using UV rolltoplate imprint lithography to fabricate light guide plates with microdot patterns // Micro & Nano Letters, 2012, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 244–247.
17. Peiyun Yi, Hao Wu, Chengpeng Zhang, Linfa Peng, Xinmin Lai “Rolltoroll UV imprinting lithography for micro/nanostructures” // Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 2015, Vol. 33, No. 6, p. 060801.
18. TunChien Teng, MingFeng Kuo “Optical characteristic of the light guide plate with microstructures engraved by laser” // Proc. of SPIE, 2012, Vol. 8485.
19. Bogdanov N.N., Zhdanov A.D., Zhdanov D.D., Potemin I.S. Design of Ergonomic Illumination Systems for Cultural, Medical and Educational Facilities / EVA 2017 Saint Petersburg: Electronic Imaging and the Visual Arts: International conference, St. Petersburg, June 22–23, 2017: Conference Proceedings, St. Petersburg: ITMO university, 2017, pp. 106–111.
20. Luoa Xichun, Chenga Kai, Webba Dave, Wardle Frank “Design of ultraprecision machine tools with applications to manufacture of miniature and micro components // Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, Vol. 167, pp. 515–528.
21. TunChien Teng, MingFeng Kuo “Highly precise optical model for simulating light guide plate using LED light source” // Optics Express, 2010, Vol. 18, Issue 21, p. 22208.
22. Lumicept – Integra Inc. URL: http://www.integra. jp/en/products/lumicept (addressing date: 25.05.2017).
23. ASAP. URL: http://www.breault.com/software/softwareoverview.php (addressing date: 20.05.2017).
24. TracePro. URL: https://www.lambdares.com/tracepro/ (addressing date: 25.05.2017).
25. LightTools. URL: http://www.opticalres.com/lt/ltprodds_f.html (addressing date: 19.05.2017).
26. SPEOS. URL: https://www.optisworld.com/productofferinglightsimulationvirtualrealitysoftware/SPEOS (addressing date: 21.05.2017).
27. Sokolov V.G., Zhdanov D.D., Potemin I.S., Garbul A.A., Voloboy A.G., Galaktionov V.A., Kirilov N. Reconstruction of scattering properties of rough airdielectric boundary // Optical Review, 2016, Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 834–841, DOI: 10.1007/s10043–016–0250–6.

1. Farahat A, Florea A, Lastra J L M, et al. Energy efficiency considerations for LED­based lighting of multipurpose outdoor environments. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015. V3, #3, pp.599–608.
2. Leccese F. Remotecontrol system of high efficiency and intelligent street lighting using a ZigBee network of devices and sensors. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2013. V28, #1, pp.21–28.
3. Xu, X., Xie, L., Li, H., & Qin, L. Learning the route choice behaviour of subway passengers from AFC data. Expert Systems with Applications, 2018. #95, pp. 324–332.
4. Basker D K, Cortes O A H, Brook M A, et al. 3D Nonlinear Inscription of Complex Microcomponents (3D NSCRIPT): Printing Functional Dielectric and Metallodielectric Polymer Structures with Nonlinear Waves of Blue LED Light. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2017. V2, #5, p.1600236.
5. Haiying Li, Xian Li, Xinyue Xu, Jun Liu, Bin Ran. Modeling departure time choice of metro passengers with a smart corrected mixed logit model – A case study in Beijing. Transport Policy. 2018, #69, pp.106–121.
6. Pimputkar S, Speck J S, DenBaars S P, et al. Prospects for LED lighting. Nature photonics, 2009. V3, #4, p. 180.
7. De Rossi F, Pontecorvo T, Brown T M. Characterization of photovoltaic devices for indoor light harvesting and customization of flexible dye solar cells to deliver superior efficiency under artificial lighting. Applied Energy, 2015. V156, pp.413–422.
8. Wang L, Wang X, Kohsei T, et al. Highly efficient narrowband green and red phosphors enabling wider colorgamut LED backlight for more brilliant displays. Optics Express, 2015. V23, #22, pp.28707–28717.

1. Ahn H A, Hong S K, Kwon O K. An Active Matrix MicroPixelated LED Display Driver for High Luminance Uniformity Using Resistance Mismatch Compensation Method. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2018. V65, #6, pp.724–728.
2. Chun J, Lee M. Developing a SEIL (Smart Enjoy Interact Light) bag utilizing LED display. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2016. V28, #2, pp.233–253.
3. Delabrida S, D’Angelo T, Oliveira R A R, et al. Wearable HUD for Ecological Field Research Applications. Mobile Networks and Applications, 2016. V21, #4, pp.677–687.
4. Bai Y, Welk G J, Nam Y H, et al. Comparison of consumer and research monitors under semistructured settings. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2016. V48, #1, pp.151–158.
5. Ellis B J, Volk A A, Gonzalez J M, et al. The meaningful roles intervention: An evolutionary approach to reducing bullying and increasing prosocial behavior. Journal of research on adolescence, 2016. V26, #4, pp.622–637.
6. Roy R, Hebden L, Kelly B, et al. Description, measurement and evaluation of tertiaryeducation food environments. British Journal of Nutrition, 2016. V115, #9, pp.1598–1606.
7. Konstantinidis E I, Billis A S, Mouzakidis C A, et al. Design, implementation, and wide pilot deployment of FitForAll: an easy to use exergaming platform improving physical fitness and life quality of senior citizens. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 2016. V20, #1, pp.189–200.
8. Xu, X., Xie, L., Li, H., & Qin, L. Learning the route choice behavior of subway passengers from AFC data. Expert Systems with Applications, 2018. #95, pp. 324–332.

1. Kozacki T, Chlipala M, Makowski P L. Color Fourier orthoscopic holography with laser capture and an LED display. Optics express, 2018. V26, #9, pp.12144–12158.
2. Ahn H A, Hong S K, Kwon O K. An Active Matrix MicroPixelated LED Display Driver for High Luminance Uniformity Using Resistance Mismatch Compensation Method. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2018. V65, #6, pp.724–728.
3. Kim D S, Im S K, Shigeta T, et al. High resolution LED display using a new rendering method with color subpixel architecture. Electronic Imaging, 2016, #20, pp.1–4.
4. Xu, X., Xie, L., Li, H., & Qin, L. Learning the route choice behavior of subway passengers from AFC data. Expert Systems with Applications, 2018. #95, pp. 324–332.
5. Lv X, Loo K H, Lai Y M, et al. EnergySaving Driver Design for FullColor LargeArea LED Display Panel Systems. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 2014. V61, #9, pp.4665–4673.
6. Zhang K, Peng D, Lau K M, et al. 25‐5: Distinguished Student Paper: Fully‐Integrated Active Matrix Programmable UV and Blue Micro‐LED Display System‐on‐Panel (SoP). SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. 2017. V48, #1, pp.357–361.
7. Hong Y, Lee B, Byun J, et al. 19‐3: Invited Paper: Key Enabling Technology for Stretchable LED Display and Electronic System. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. 2017. V48, #1, pp.253–256.
8. Ejzak G A, Dickason J, Marks J A, et al. 512$\ times $512, 100 Hz MidWave Infrared LED Microdisplay System. Journal of Display Technology, 2016. V12, #10, pp.1139–1144.

1. Englund S R, O’brien J J, Clark D B. Evaluation of digital and film hemispherical photography and spherical densiometry for measuring forest light environments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2000. V30, #12, pp.1999–2005.
2. Poorter L, Arets E J M M. Light environment and tree strategies in a Bolivian tropical moist forest: an evaluation of the light partitioning hypothesis. Plant Ecology, 2003. V166, #2, pp.295–306.
3. Hernandez Duran T, Ravela N, Sanchez Rivero S, et al. Evaluation of Different Light Conditions in the Working Environment for Handling Photosensitive and Thermolabile Compounds. Journal of AOAC International, 2015. V98, #6, pp.1491–1495.
4. Mills P R, Tomkins S C, Schlangen L J M. The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. Journal of circadian rhythms, 2007. V5, #1, p.2.
5. Haiying Li, Xian Li, Xinyue Xu, Jun Liu, Bin Ran. Modeling departure time choice of metro passengers with a smart corrected mixed logit model – A case study in Beijing. Transport Policy. 2018, #69, pp.106–121.
6. Li D H W, Lam J C. Evaluation of lighting performance in office buildings with daylighting controls. Energy and buildings, 2001. V33, #8, pp.793–803.
7. Iwata T, Tokura M, Shukuya M, et al. A pilot experiment on a method for evaluating acceptability of a daylit luminous environment. Journal of Thermal Biology, 1993. V18, #5–6, pp.555–559.
8. Xu, X., Xie, L., Li, H., & Qin, L. Learning the route choice behavior of subway passengers from AFC data. Expert Systems with Applications, 2018. #95, pp. 324–332.
9. Stansbury J, Mittelsdorf A M. Economic and environmental analysis of retrofitting a large office building with energy­efficient lighting systems. Environmental management, 2001. V27, #6, pp.909–918.
10. Aghemo C, Fabbri M, Verso V L, et al. Visual perception in aircraft cockpit under real ambient lighting conditions: A procedure for the evaluation of readability and legibility. Perception ECVP abstract, 2009. V38, pp.181–181.

1. Dormidontova V.V. History of landscape gardening styles: a study guide// Moscow: ArkhitekturaC, 2004, 207 p.
2. Shchepetkov N.I. Light design of a city// Moscow: ArkhitekturaC, 2006, 320 p.
3. Shchepetkov N.I. Interspace of light design / Theses of reports of the International scientific and practical conference of highereducation teaching personnel, young scientists and students “Science, edication and experimental design”// Moscow: MARKHI, 2014, pp. 350–352.
4. Shchepetkov N.I. Evolution of light design in Baku / / Svetotekhnika, 2015, #5, pp. 47–51.
5. Savelyeva L.V. Light as an instrument of creation of virtual images in architecture // Svetotekhnika, 2014, #6, pp.15–19.
6. Solovyyov A.K. Physics of environment// Moscow: Association of building high education institutions, 2015 342 p.
7. Tsvetkova I. Landscape illumination: dialogues about eternal // Landscape Architecture Design, 2007, #1, pp. 60–61.
8. Sefrioui A. VauxleVicomte// Paris: Scala, 2008, 64 p.
9. Belkin A. N. I only thought about honour and glory of France // Development and economics, 2013, #8, pp. 216–219.
10. URL: http://www.lenotre.culture.gouv.fr/fr/de/index.htm (addressing date: 2/10/2017).
11.URL: http//www.vauxlevicomte.com (addressing date: 2/10/2017).
12. Dormidontova V.V. Stages of forming gardens of the 21st century // Architecton: news of high education institutions, 2012, #1(37).
13. URL: http://archvuz.ru/2012_1/19 (addressing date: 2/10/2017).
14. Dormidontova V.V. Minimalism in the garden art // Architecton: news of high education institutions, 2012, #2(38).
15. URL: http://archvuz.ru/2012_2/17 (addressing date: 2/10/2017).
16. URL: http//www.pvpla.com (addressing date: 2/15/2017).
17. URL: http//guruturizma.ru/memorial911vnyujorke (addressing date: 2/15/2017).
18. URL: http//www.shutterstock.com/…/stockphototwintowersmemorial (addressing date: 2/15/2017).

1. Light environment for people: science, industry and law // Svetotekhnika, 2016, #1, pp. 45–49.
2. GOST P 54350–2015 Illumination devices. Lighting requirements and test methods.
3. Building regulations СП 52.13330.2016 Natural and artificial illumination
4. Zheleznikova O.E., Amelkina S.A., Sinitsyna L.V., Kiryukhina S.V. Development of a comprehensive technique to estimate LED illumination conditions influence on state of human visual organs and organism as a whole // Natural and technical sciences, 2013, #5 (67), pp. 249–257.
5. Aksenova S.V., Kulikova M.P., Zheleznikova O.E., Sinitsyna L.V., Amelkina S.A. A method of visual fatigue determination / Patent of Russia #2534910. 2014. Bulletin #34.
6. Kuchma V.R., Teksheva L.M., Sukhareva L.M., etc. Hygienic basis of light emitting diode use in artificialillumination systems. – Moscow: Scientific Centre of Children Health Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Russian Academy of Medical Science, 2013, 246 p.
7. A practical on labour physiology / Editored by K.S. Tochilov. Leningrad: Publishing house of the Leningrad State University, 1970, 251 p.

1. Hale J D, Davies G, Fairbrass A J, et al. Mapping lightscapes: spatial patterning of artificial lighting in an urban landscape. PloS one, 2013. V8, #5, p.61460.
2. Haiying Li, Xian Li, Xinyue Xu, Jun Liu, Bin Ran. Modelling departure time choice of metro passengers with a smart corrected mixed logit model – A case study in Beijing. Transport Policy. 2018, #69, pp.106–121.
3. Johansson E, Emmanuel R. The influence of urban design on outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. International journal of biometeorology, 2006. V51, #2, pp.119–133.
4. Hayden D. Urban Landscape History. The People, Place, and Space Reader, 2014, p.82.
5. Lee Y C, Ahern J, Yeh C T. Ecosystem services in peri­urban landscapes: The effects of agricultural landscape change on ecosystem services in Taiwan’s western coastal plain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2015. V139, pp.137–148.
6. Gaston K J, Davies T W, Bennie J, et al. Reducing the ecological consequences of night time light pollution: options and developments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012. V49, #6, pp.1256–1266.
7. Wuren G, Yang X, Xia J. To Explore the Urban Landscape Lighting Development in China – Taking the City of Shanghai as an Example. Acta Oeconomica, 2015. V65, #s2, pp.251–265.
8. GarridoJiménez F J, Magrinyá F, del MoralÁvila M C, et al. The Relationship Between Urban Morphology and Street Lighting Operating Costs: Evidence from Mediumsized Spanish Cities. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 2017. V10, #3, pp.381–399.

A method for a tuneable colour light source (TCLS) output spectrum synthesizing is described. A TCLS is a multichannel LED light source, which is able to mimic and produce different spectral distributions and can be used for the realization of different spectra, e.g. the spectra of different CIE standard illuminants. The synthesizing of output spectrum is actually an optimization problem of tuning the output spectrum of a TCLS to the target spectrum. It is also a so called constrained problem as output spectrum is produced by adding the weighted spectra of used light sources (e.g. singlecolour LEDs) and due to the fact that there is no “negative light”. Because of that usual optimization methods like least square method cannot be used. A novel synthesizing method based on a constrained optimization process was developed and tested on the laboratory TCLS to be used for calibration purposes. The developed synthesizing method, described in this paper, gives good results but comparison with more simple methods shows that also these can be successfully used.

1. Bizjak G, Lindemann M, Sperling A, et al. “Tunable LED colour source,” CIE Symp, 2010.
2. Fryc I, Brown SW, Eppeldauer GP, et al. “LEDbased spectrally tunable source for radiometric, photometric and colorimetric applications,” Opt. Eng., Vol. 44 (11), pp. 111309–111309–8, 2005.
3. Wu CC, Hu NC, Fong YC, et al. “Optimal pruning for selecting LEDs to synthesize tunable illumination spectra,” Light. Res. Technol., Vol. 44 (4), pp. 484–497, dec. 2012.
4. Luo MR, Xu L and Wang H. “An LED based spectrum design for surgical lighting,” Proc. 28th CIE Sess., 2015.
5. Lawson CL and Hanson RJ. “23. Linear least squares with linear inequality constrains,” Solving least squares problems, Society for industrail and applied mathematics, 1995, pp. 158–173.
6. Tosic I and Frossard P. “Dictionary learning”, IEEE Signal Process. Mag., Vol. 28 (2), pp. 27–38, mar. 2011.
7. Chun S, Kim JC and Lee CS. “Optimization for spectrally tunable lighting control, Proc. 28th CIE Sess., 2015, pp. 2046–2055.
8. Bro R and Jong SD. “A fast nonnegativityconstrained least squares algorithm,” J. Chemom, Vol. 11 (5), pp. 393–401, sep. 1997.
9. Cantarella J and Piatek M. “Tsnnls: A solver for large sparse least squares problems with non­negative vaiables,” Comput. Res Repos: CoRR, 2004.
10. “Solve nonnegative least­squares constrains problem – lsqnonneg,” MATLAB – Maths Works Deutschland, [Online]. Accessible: http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/lsqnonneg.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com. [Accessed: 2nov2015].
11. Moore, E. H. (1920). “On the reciprocal of the general algebraic matrix”. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 26 (9): 394–395.
12. Bjerhammar, Arne (1951). “Application of calculus of matrices to method of least squares; with special references to geodetic calculations”. Trans. Roy. Inst. Tech. Stockholm. 49.
13. Penrose, Roger (1955). “A generalized inverse for matrices”. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 51: 406–413.

1. Meshkov V.V., Matveev A.B. Fundamental of Lighting Engineering: Manual for high education institutions: Of two volumes, part 2. Physiological optics and colourimetry. the 2nd revised edition, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1989. 432 p. 2. GOST P 52913–2008: “Diamonds Classification Technical requirements” 3. Building regulations 23–05–95: “Natural and artificial illumination”. 4. Judd D., Vyshetskyi G. Colour in science and technology, Moscow: Mir, 1978, 592 p. 5. PagelTheisen V. Diamond Grading ABC, 12th Edition, Antwerpen, Belgium, 2000, 290 p. 6. Yepifanov V.I., Pesina A. Ya., Zykov L.V. Technology of working diamonds, Moscow: Vyshaya Shkola, 1976, 319 p. 7. Rymov A.K., Shklover D.A. Electronic colour comparator ЭКЦ­1 // Svetotekhnika, 1961, #10, pp. 24–28. 8. Shelkova O.P., et. al. Study of a possibility to create installations of objective evaluation of diamonds and diamond raw materials by chromaticity and defects, Moscow: SRIIN, 1971, 70 p. 9. SAS2000 Spectrophotometer Analysis System // Adamas Gemmological Laboratory, 2000, # 4.

1. Nazarov Yu.V. Light in a city – problems and prospectives // Svetotekhnika, 2013, #2, pp. 54–57.
2. Yermolaev A.P., Minervin G.B., Yefimov A.V., Gavrilina A.A., Shchepetkov N.I., Kudryashov N.K., Shimko V.T. Design of architectural environment. Moskow: ArkhitekturaC, 2004, 504 p.
3. Kornilova A.A., Horovetskaya E.M. A theoretical model of light and decorative arrangement of architectural environment // Bulletin of KazGas, 2006, #4 (43), pp.190–195.
4. Bystryantseva N.V. An integrated approach to creation of light environment of an evening city // Thesis of architecture Ph.D. Moscow 2015, 27 p.
5. Lights of evening Astana [An electronic resource]// Nur. kz. Official site. News of Astana. 9/6/2014. // Access mode: https://www.nur.kz/330044ognivechernejastanyfoto.html (Addressing date: 2/5/2018)
6. In anticipation of Nauryz, a unique light show of a famous designer will take place in Astana [An electronic resource] // Zakon.kz Information service with a reference to the Bayterek media centre. 3/15/2013. // Access mode: http://online. zakon.kz/Document/(Addressing date: 2/5/2018)
7. Lekus E. Yu. City environment: light design versus light culture // Philosophy. Tolerance. Globalisation. The East and the West – a dialogue of outlooks: theses of reports of the VIIth Russian philosophical congress (Ufa, October 6–10, 2015). Three volumes. V.III, Ufa: RITs BashSU, 2015, pp. 309–310.

1. Goncharov N.N., Kireev N.N. Visual performance under natural and artificial light. // Svetotechnika, 1977, № 9. pp. 5–8.
2. Van den Böld G. Light and health / / Svetotechnika, 2003, № 1. pp. 4–8.
3. R.G. Hopkinson and J. Longmore. The permanent supplementary artificial lighting of interiors // Trans. Illuminat. Engineering Society, 1959, 24 (3), 121 p.
4. R.G. Hopkinson. Architectural physics: Lighting. HMSO, 1963.
5. Gusev N.M., Kireev N.N. Lighting of industrial buildings. M. Stroiizdat. 1968. 160p.
6. Semenikhin N.I. Subjective assessment of the quality of lighting installations of reflected light. // NIISF. Proceedings of the Institute// Building Lighting Engineering, Issue 13, 1975.
7. Stetsky S.V., Lobatovkina Ye.G. Perfection of the method of subjective expert evaluation of the factors of the internal microclimate // Industrial and civil construction, 2013 № 12, pp 69–72.
8. Yurov S.G. Some question of the metrics and methods of expert subjective assessments of psychoesthetic parameters of the ligtcolor environment. // Svetotechnika, 1974, № 9, pp.2–4.
9. Irens A.N. Light and Productivity /Transactions of Illuminating Engineering Society (London), 1960, V. 25, No.2, pp.53–68.
10. Manning P. Lighting in Relation to other Components of the total Environment/ Transactions of Illuminating Engineering Society (London), 1968, V.33, No.4,. pp.159–168.
11. Bodmann H.V. Light and total Energy Input to a Building. // Light and Lighting, September 1970, pp.240–245.
12. Ne’eman E., Hopkinson R.G. Critical minimum acceptable Window Sice: A Study of Window Design and Provision of a View. // Lighting Research and Technology, 1970, V.2, No.1, pp.17–27.
13. Lay S.D. Appraisal of the visual Environment. // IES Lighting Review, October 1970, pp.129–138.
14. Cockram A.H., Collins J.B. A study of User Preferences for fluorescent Lamp Colors for Daytime and Nighttime Lighting. // Lighting Research and Technology, 1970, V.2, No.4,. pp.249–256.
15. Solovyov AK, Stetsky S.V. Creating a comfortable light environment in classrooms. // Collection of special and scientific works of the Polytechnic Institute of Brno (Czechoslovakia), 1979, pp. 113–124.
16. Stetsky S.V. Subjective appraisal of the quality parameters of combined lighting. // Architectural education. Intercollegiate collection of the Moscow Architectural Institute, 1979, 206p.
17. Solovyov AK, Stetsky S.V. Determination of the parameters of combined lighting by subjective appraisal of the light environment in the premises. // Designing and scientific research. M. Stroiizdat, 1984, № 6, pp 36–38.
18. Stetsky S.V., Porublev S.A. Subjective appraisal of the light environment in the work shops of small auto repair enterprises for the climatic conditions of the North Caucasus. // Industrial and civil construction, 2011, № 1, pp 46–48.
19. Soloviev A.K. Die Anvendung der Lichtfeldtheorie bei der Projektierung der Beleuchtung von Arbeitstaetten. // Licht, 1996, № 5.
20. Helson H. Adaptation Level Theory: An experimental and Systematic Approach to Bechavior. // Harper and Row, USA, 1974, 732 p.
21. Report of the ICE No. 19. “A recommended method for appraisal aspects of lighting associated with visual perception.” Washington – London. 1971.
22. Study of performance and fatigue under various lighting conditions. // Publication of the Society for the Study of Light. Lichttechnik. 1965, No.8.
23. Lakin G.F. Biometrics. Moscow, High school, 1973.
24. Bardin K.V. The problem of sensitivity thresholds and psychophysical methods, Moscow, Science. 1976.
25. Leontyev P.D. Statistical processing of measurement results, Moscow, Goslesbumizdat, 1952.
26. Muraviova N. A, Soloviev A.K. Investigations of the nature of the distribution of natural cylindrical illumination in rooms with side natural illumination // Svetotechnika, 2015, № 6, pp. 27–30

1. Nan L, Zheng Y, BecerikGerber B, Chao T, Nanlin C. Why is the reliability of building simulation limited as a tool for evaluating energy conservation measures? Applied Energy, 2015. V159, #12, pp.196–205.
2. Xin Z, Da Y, Tianzhen H, Xiaoxin R. Data analysis and stochastic modeling of lighting energy use in large office buildings in China. Energy and Buildings, 2015. V86, #1, pp.275–287.
3. MarieClaude D, Åke B. Energy saving potential and strategies for electric lighting in future North European, low energy office buildings: A literature review. Energy and Buildings, 2011. V43, #10, pp. 2572–2582.
4. Guofeng M, Jing L, Nan L, Junjie Zhou. Crosscultural assessment of the effectiveness of ecofeedback in building energy conservation. Energy and Buildings, 2017. V134, #1, pp. 329–338.
5. Selcuk A, Nazmi E. Development of an outdoor lighting control system using expert system. Energy and Buildings, 2016. V130, #10, pp.773–786.
6. Lvan C, Vineetha K, Naing Win O, Jussi P. Design of an energysaving controller for an intelligent LED lighting system. Energy and Buildings, 2016. V120, #5, pp.1–9.
7. DiazMendez S E, TorresRodríguez A A, Abatal M, Escalante Soberanis M A, Bassam A. Economic, environmental and health co­benefits of the use of advanced control strategies for lighting in buildings of Mexico. Energy Policy, 2018. V113, #2, pp.401–409.
8. Xuejun L. Application of teletraffic engineering modelling techniques for studying smart lighting systems for energy saving. Lighting Research and Technol, 2014. V46, #2, pp.113–127.
9. Juan F. De Paz, Javier B, Sara R, Gabriel V, Juan M. Corchado. Intelligent system for lighting control in smart cities. Information Sciences, 2016. V372, #12, pp.241–255.
10. ChihLing H, Chichun H, Yubin Chen. Development of an energysaving glass using twodimensional periodic nanostructures. Energy and Buildings, 2015. V86, #1197, pp. 589–594.
11. Heng W, Xianmin Z, Peng G. Double freeform surfaces lens design for LED uniform illumination with high distance–height ratio. Optics & Laser Technology, 2015. V73, #10, pp.166–172.
12. Danny H W Li, Angela C K Cheung, Stanley K H Chow, Eric W M Lee. Study of daylight data and lighting energy savings for atrium corridors with lighting dimming controls. Energy and Buildings, 2014. V72, #4, pp. 457–464.
13. PalaciosGarcía E J, Chen A, Santiago I, BellidoOuteiriño F J, FloresArias J M. Stochastic model for lighting’s electricity consumption in the residential sector. Impact of energy saving actions. Energy and Buildings, 2015. V89, #2, pp.245–259.
14. Shengnan L, Jaap H, Cees M. The influence of color association strength and consistency on ease of processing of ambient lighting feedback. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016. V47, #9, pp.204–212.
15. Victor L. Chen, Magali A. Delmas, William J. Kaiser. Realtime, appliancelevel electricity use feedback system: How to engage users? Energy and Buildings, 2014. V70, #2, pp. 455–462.

1. Karmazinov F.V., Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.N., Hramenkov S.V. Ultraviolet technologies in the modern world: A collective monograph, Dolgoprudny: Intellekt Publishing House, 2012, 392 p.
2. Vasilyev A. I, Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.N., Sobur N.N., Sokolov D.V. UV disinfection technologies for water, air and surfaces treatment, // Svetotekhnika, 2007, #5, pp. 6–11.
3. Lawal, O., Dussert B., et al. Proposed method for measurement of the output of monochromatic (254 nm) low pressure uv lamps // IUVA News, 2008, V. 10, No.1, pp. 14–18.
4. Beleznai, S., Mihajlik, G., Agod, A., Maros, I., Juhasz, R., Nemeth, Z., Jakab, L., Richter, P. High­efficiency dielectric barrier Xe discharge lamp: theoretical and experimental investigations // J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2006, V. 39, pp. 3777–3787.
5. Lomayev M.I., Skakun V.S., Sosnin E.A., Tarasenko V.F., Shitts D.V., Erofeyev M.V. Exilamps are effective sources of UV and VUV radiation // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (Achievements of Physical Sciences), 2003, V. 173, #2, pp. 201–217.
6. Pagan, J., Lawal, O. Coming of age – UVC–LED Technology Update // IUVA news, 2015, V. 17, No. 1, pp. 21–24.
7. Moe, C. RADTECH REPORT, 2014, ISUE1, pp.45–49.
8. Rokhlin G.N. Discharge light sources. Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1991, pp. 328–337.
9. Vasil’ev A.I. at al. Effect of a Protective Layer on the Lifetime and Output Radiation Intensity Decay Rate of Quartz LowPressure Gas Discharge Lamps // Technical Physics Letters, 2006, V. 32, No. 1, p. 42.
10. Pecherkin V. Ya. Ph.D. Thesis “Study of mechanisms of decreasing UV radiation and operation resource of UV radiation sources with mercury arc of a low pressure”, Moscow, 2007.
11. Litvinov V.S., Troitsky A.M., Holopov G.K. Characteristics of domestic fluorescence lamps when working at increased frequencies // Svetotekhnika, 1961, #1, pp. 5–10.
12. Milenin V.M., Timofeev N.A. Concerning a possibility of increase of low pressure gasdischarge light sources luminous efficacy // Svetotekhnika, 1981, #4, pp. 6–7.
13. Petrov, G.M., Giuliani, J.L. Inhomogeneous model of ArHg direct current column discharge // Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, V. 94, No. 1, pp. 62–74.
14. Grossman, M.W., Lagushenko, R., Maya, J. Isotope effects in lowpressure Hgraregas discharges // Physical Review A, 1986, V. 34, No. 5, p. 4094.

1. Klykov Mikhail E. and Agafonova Tatyana A. LED drivers and Discharge lamps control gears: present state and future development// Light & Engineering, @017, V25, #4, pp.32–40.
2. Reference book on lighting engineering / Edited by Yu.B. Ayzenberg.The 3rd revised edition, Moscow: Znak, 2006, 972 p.
3. Rajat Mandal, Santosh Upadhyay, Saswati Mazumdar, Asit Kumar Sur, Chetan M. Sankhla, and Susanta Bhaumik “ Igniter Issues with High Intensity Discharge Llighting Applications”// Light & Engineering, 2012, V. 20, #4, pp. 90–96.
4. Reference book on lighting engineering / Editerd by Yu.B. Ayzenberg, Moscow: Energoatomizdat,1983, 472 p.
5. Mayorov M. I, Mayorov A.M. A ballast with pulse ignition device / Patent #167448 of the RF, 2017.
6. Mayorov M. I, Mayorov A.M., Goryunov V.A. A device for ignition of gasdischarge lamps/ Patent #103436 of the RF, 2011.
7. Mayorov M. I, Mayorov A.M., Goryunov V.A. A device for ignition of gasdischarge lamps/ Patent #2567739 of the RF, 2015.
8. Mayzenberg S.I., Polyakov A.G. An airfield searchlight / Patent of the USSR #739307, 1980.

1. Hamon B., van Driel W.D. LED degradation: From component to system/ Microelectronics Reliability, 2016, 64, pp. 599–604.
2. Qu X., Wang, H., Zhan X., Blaabjerg F., Chung H.S.H. A Lifetime prediction method for leds considering real mission profiles/ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32, pp. 8718–8727.
3. Bespalov N.N., Kapitonov S.S., Kapitonova A.V. Research of processes in the LEDs luminaire in case of the voltage temperature coefficient of separate LEDs variation/ Light & Engineering, 2016, V.24, #4, pp. 72–75.
4. Bespalov Nikolai N., Ilyin Mikhail V., Kapitonov Sergei S. Testing equipment for LED luminaire control devices and fluorescent lamp electron ballasts/ Light & Engineering, 2017, V. 25, no. 4, pp. 86–91.
5. Kapitonov Sergei S., Kapitonova Anastasia V., Grigorovich Sergei Y. Temperature dependence modeling for powerful LED characteristics in Multisim/ ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2017, V. 12, no. 10, pp. 3328–3334.
6. Bai K., Wu L.G., Nie Q.H., Dai S.X., Zhou B.Y., Ma X.J., Zheng Z.Y., Zhang F.W. Thermal simulation and optimization of highpower white LED lamps / International Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Control, ICECC Proceedings, 2011, pp. 573–576.
7. Kapitonov S. S., Kapitonova A.V., Grigorovich S.Y. Development of thermal LED model / Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2017, V. 9(7S), pp. 752–762.
8. Alexeev V.P., Belousov A.V. Features of electric and mechanical systems electrothermal models in the method of electrothermal analogy. Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, PostGraduates and Young Scientists: Modern Technique and Technologies 2002, pp. 93–95.
9. Ishizaki S., Kimura H., Sugimoto M. Lifetime estimation of high power white LEDs / Journal of Light and Visual Environment, 2007, 31, pp. 11–18.
10. Yang L., Hu J.b, Shin M.W. Degradation of high power LEDs at dynamic working conditions / SolidState Electronics 2009, 53, pp. 567–570.
11. Koh S., Yuan C., Sun B., Li B., Fan X., Zhang G.Q. Product level accelerated lifetime test for indoor LED luminaires / 2013, 14th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and MultiPhysics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems 2013, pp. 652–999.

1. Baptista D, Abreu S, TraviesoGonzález C, et al. Hardware implementation of an artificial neural network model to predict the energy production of a photovoltaic system. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2017. V49, pp.77–86.
2. Dumitru C D, Gligor A, Enachescu C. Solar photovoltaic energy production forecast using neural networks. Procedia Technology, 2016. V22, pp.808–815.
3. Kayri I, Gencoglu M T. Predicting power production from a photovoltaic panel through artificial neural networks using atmospheric indicators. Neural Computing & Applications, 2017, pp.1–14.
4. Kane P V, Andhare A B. Application of psychoacoustics for gear fault diagnosis using artificial neural network. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, 2016. V35, #3, pp.207–220.
5. Zheng M, Horowitz K, Woodhouse M, et al. III‐Vs at scale: a PV manufacturing cost analysis of the thin film vapour–liquid–solid growth mode. Progress in Photovoltaic: Research and Applications, 2016. V24, #6, pp.871–878.
6. Haiying Li, Xian Li, Xinyue Xu, Jun Liu, Bin Ran. Modelling departure time choice of metro passengers with a smart corrected mixed logit model – A case study in Beijing. Transport Policy. 2018, #69, pp.106–121.
7. Moon S, Yoon S G, Park J H. A new lowcost centralized MPPT controller system for multiply distributed photovoltaic power conditioning modules. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2015. V6, #6, pp.2649–2658.
8. Jain S, Agarwal V. A singlestage grid connected inverter topology for solar PV systems with maximum power point tracking. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2007. V22, #5, pp.1928–1940.
9. GotiElordi, Aitor; delaCalleVicente, Alberto; GilLarrea, MaraJose, et al. Application of a business intelligence tool within the context of big data in a food industry company. DYNA, 2018. V92, #3, pp. 347–353.
10. Oman S, Leskovar R, Rosi B, et al. Integration of MES and ERP in supply chains: effect assessment in the case of the automotive industry. Tehnički vjesnik, 2017. V24, #6, pp.1889–1896.

1. Alferov Z. I., Andreev V.M., Rumyantsev V.D. III–V Heterostructures in photovoltaic. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 2007. V130, p.25.
2. Sur C. Study on the Impact of Grid Electricity in Powering the Expansion of Healthcare Services and Facilities in Sagar Island. Journal of Rural Development, 2017. V36, #3, pp.397–418.
3. Gopal Y, Kumar K, Birla D, et al. Banes and boons of perturb & observe, incremental conductance and modified regula falsi methods for sustainable PV energy generation. Journal of Power Technologies, 2017. V97, #1, pp. 35–43.
4. Deenik J, Kruisdijk F, Tenback D, et al. Physical activity and quality of life in longterm hospitalized patients with severe mental illness: a crosssectional study. BMC psychiatry, 2017. V 17, #1, p.298.
5. Van Zutphen M., Winkels R.M., van Duijnhoven F.J. B., et al. An increase in physical activity after colorectal cancer surgery is associated with improved recovery of physical functioning: a prospective cohort study. BMC cancer, 2017. V 17, #1, p.74.
6. Pirtea M, Botoc C, Jurcut C. Risk and return analysis: evidence from emerging markets. Transformations in Business & Economics, 2014. V13, #2B, pp.637–647.
7. Haiying Li, Xian Li, Xinyue Xu, Jun Liu, Bin Ran. Modelling departure time choice of metro passengers with a smart corrected mixed logit model – A case study in Beijing. Transport Policy. 2018, #69, pp.106–121.
8. Xu, X., Xie, L., Li, H., & Qin, L. Learning the route choice behaviour of subway passengers from AFC data. Expert Systems with Applications, 2018. #95, pp. 324–332.

1. Nekhoroshev AS, Danilova NB. Characteristics of work conditions of dentists in therapeutic dentistry offices. Med Tr Prom Ekol. 2006;(11):42–3. [In Russ]
2. Demchenko TV. Professional visual impairments in the dentist. Syndrome of “dry eye”. Causes, methods of prevention. Parodontologiya. 2012; (3): 62–7 [In Russ]
3. Iacomussi P., Carcieri P., Rossi G., Migliario M. The factors affecting visual discomfort of dental hygienist. Measurment. 2017; Vol 98: 92–102.
4. Walsh L. LED operating lights in dental practice. Ausralasian Dental Practice; May/June 2009:48–54
5. Health and safety rules and standards 2.1.3.2630–10 (SanPin 2.1.3.2630–10) “Sanitaryepidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities”, № 58, 08.05.2010 [In Russ]
6. Dyachenko VG, Galesa SA, Pietrokh MT, Pavlenko IV. Introduction to general practice in dentistry. – Khabarovsk, 2009: 312 p. [In Russ]
7. CSN EN12464–1:2011. Light and lighting – Lighting of work places – Part 1: Indoor work places
8. DIN5035–3:2006–07 Artificial lighting – Part 3: Lighting of health care premises
9. Khamidova TM, Shamsiddinov AT, Daburov KN Sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions in dental institutions of various forms of ownership. Nauchnoprakticheskij zhurnal TIPPMK. 2013; (2):202–3. [In Russ]
10. ISO 9680:2014 Dentistry – Operating lights.
11. GOST 26368–90 “Medical lights” [In Russ]
12. Garbin A.J.I., Garbin C.A.S., Ferreira N.F., Ferreria N.L., Saliba Jr. O.A. Illumination in the dental office. Acta Cientifica Venezolana. 2007; Vol 58(1):29–32.
13. Danilina TF, Slivina LP, Dallakyan LA, Kolesova TV. The influence of hygienic and ergonomic labor aspects on the dentist’s health. Health & Education Millenium. 2016; Vol. 18 (1):234–6. [In Russ]
14. Nemaeva AV, Alpatova VG, Bukhtiyarov IV, Gritsay IG, Selyagina AS, Batyukov NM. Ergonomic aspects analysis of using the magnification systems in endodontic treatment. The Dental Institute. 2017; (1):16–7 [In Russ]
15. Stamatacos C, Harrison JL. The possible ocular hazards of LED dental illumination applications. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 2013, FallWinter; 93(2):25–9

The active development of robotics requires increasingly complex remote control devices. The remote control devices are increasingly large, complex, and expensive. They decrease economic efficiency of robotics and increase their price.
The scientific task is the research into possibility of applying optical ministicks on the basis of light emitting diodes as the new type basic multifunctional controls of unified human­machine interfaces allowing us to control commonly known robotic equipment types using identical devices. During the research original ergonomic methods of purposeful combination of two ministicks on two actuating levers were used so that to provide convenience of tactile control of various robots without visual contact with controls.
As a result of the research, new controls were created and patented. They became known as “polyjoysticks” (patent of Russian Federation No. 2497177) and allow controlling engineering facilities having up to 20 degrees of freedom which exceeds the similar parameters of known controls by factor of 3 to 5. Due to combined use of optical ministicks, two polyjoysticks and a video mask, a new generalpurpose generation humanmachine interface was created. It allows controlling various robots and vehicles, from tractor to aircraft.
The discussion of the obtained results was carried out by comparing them with parameters of control panels of different robotics systems. The analysis of the comparison results has shown that the controls based on polyjoysticks and digital optical ministicks on the basis of light emitting diodes have the best indices in terms of implemented among known control devices, in terms of ratio of functionality to weight and volume of the devices. New interfaces have already been applied for developing multiagent robotic system control system for fire forest extinguishing.

1. Kulula, M.I. and Akande, J.M. (2018) Effects of Machine Parameter and Natural Factors on the Productivity of Loading and Haulage Equipment. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 6, 139–153. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2018.61011.
2. Potapenko A. N., Gaidukov K.Y., Medvedev V.V. Peculiarities of automation of quarry dump trucks within automated dispatch control system, FSBEI of HPE V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State University, journal “Fundamental Research”, 2016, No. 9 (part 1), – pp. 56–51).
3. Digital optical ministick /Datasheet/Research, Development and Manufacturing enterprise “Tensosensor” LLC /2016/) http://www.tenzosensor.ru/images/DMR4I–Ch%20Data%20Sheet.pdf.
4. Experimental research on the performance of optical ministicks with a common receiver/ Sergei A. Golubin, Alexei N. Lomanov, Vladimir S. Nikitin and Valery M. Komarov // Light & Engineering. 2015. Volume 23, Number 4, pp. 81–87.
5. Experimental study of how lighting patterns affect optical ministicks characteristics / Sergei A. Golubin, Alexei N. Lomanov, Vladimir S. Nikitin, Valery M. Komarov, and Ernst I. Semenov // Light &Engineering. 2016. Volume 24, Number 4, pp. 105–110.
6. Study of Characteristics of VCSELbased Optical Ministicks / Sergei A. Golubin, Alexei N. Lomanov, Vladimir S. Nikitin, Valery M. Komarov, and Ernst I. Semenov. Study of Characteristics of VCSELbased Optical Ministicks // Light & Engineering. 2016. Volume 24, Number 4, pp. 111–116.
7. Polyjoystick/Datasheet/Research, Development and Manufacturing enterprise “Tensosensor” LLC/ 2017/) http://www.tenzosensor.ru/images/PD002 %20Data%20 Sheet.pdf.
8. Matti Lahtinen, Ergonomics evaluation of CutToLength forest harvesters, Master’s thesis Management and Economy in the International Forest Sector, June 2017/ https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/130914/Lahtinen_Matti.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
9. Nikitin V. S., Belov R.B., Robotic system for forest fire extinguishing, Research, Development and Manufacturing enterprise “Tensosensor” LLC), MATERIALS OF THE XIII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE, October 30 – November 7, 2017, с 24 Robotics, http://www.rusnauka.com/books/2017–10–28A4tom3.pdf.