The temperature and humidity state of the foundations and foundations in the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation is decisive in their design,it affects the bearing capacity, operational reliability, and durability of the foundations and the entire building.
When designing foundations and foundations, they solve a set of tasks that are subordinated to one idea, so that the soil (base) he carried the load from the building or structure proposed to him, and the foundation structure itself would ensure reliable operation of the building or structure for the entire life cycle, since the foundations belong to permanent structures, and their repair is associated with large material costs.
Existing modern calculation methods assume that the heat transfer process is stationary and do not consider real processes – seasonal and daily fluctuations in outdoor air temperature, heating on and off modes, temperature changes in the depth of the soil, wet structures due to accidents of heating plants, the absence (or destruction) of a blind area, etc. Freezing of soils, as a rule, occurs in autumn-winter period, when the soil is saturated with moisture. Thawing of the soil occurs in the spring-summer period. These processes are non-stationary in nature, which is influenced by many factors, including solar radiation. The work is devoted to modelling and calculation of these real processes. The process of freezing and thawing of the foundation soils is influenced by many factors: the composition of the soil, water, ice, snow, solar radiation, fluctuations in outdoor temperature. The paper provides general information about some of the physical properties of water, ice, and snow, necessary for understanding the processes under consideration.
1. Tsytovich, N.A. Mechanics of frozen soils. Textbook / M.: “Higher school”, 1973 [Mekhanika merzlyh gruntov. Uchebnoe posobie. – M.: “Vysshaya shkola”, 1973].
2. SP 25.13330.2020 (SNiP 2.02.04–88) Foundations and foundations on permafrost soils. Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 12/30/2020 No. 915.
3. Gagarin, V.G. Theory of the state and transfer of moisture in building materials and heat-protective properties of building enclosing structures: Dis. doct. technical Sciences / NIISF. – M.: – 2000 [Teoriya sostoyaniya i perenosa vlagi v stroitel’nyh materialah i teplozashchitnye svojstva ograzhdayushchih konstrukcij zdanij: Dis. dokt. tekhn. nauk / NIISF. – M.: – 2000].
4. Tsytovich, N.A. Construction in permafrost conditions. Abstracts of reports at the conference of the SOPS of the USSR Academy of Sciences / Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1941 [Stroitel’stvo v usloviyah vechnoj merzloty. Tezisy dokladov na konferencii SOPS AN SSSR. Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1941].
5. Andrianov, P.I. Freezing temperature of soils / SOPS OF THE USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936 [Temperatura zamerzaniya gruntov. SOPS AN SSSR, 1936].
6. Bozhenova, A.P. Supercooling of water during freezing in soils and soils. Materials on lab. research frozen soils under the hands of N.A. Tsytovich, collection 1 / Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1953 [Pereohlazhdenie vody pri zamerzanii v pochvah i gruntah. Materialy po lab. issled. merzlyh gruntov pod ruk. N.A. Cytovicha, sb. 1. Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1953].
7. Tsytovich, N.A. A new principle of mechanics of frozen soils // USSR Academy of Sciences “Permafrost”, 1946, Vol. 1, # 1 [Novyj princip mekhaniki merzlyh gruntov // AN SSSR “Merzlotovedenie”. – 1946. – T. 1. – № 1].
8. Tsytovich, N.A. Mechanics of frozen soils. Textbook / M.: “Higher school”, 1973, 448 p. [Mekhanika merzlyh gruntov. Uchebnoe posobie. – M.: “Vysshaya shkola”. – 1973. – 448 s.]
9. Lykov, A.V. Theoretical foundations of building thermophysics / Minsk: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, 1961, 520 p. [Teoreticheskie osnovy stroitel’noj teplofiziki. – Minsk: Izd. AN BSSR, 1961. – 520 s.]
10. Lykov, A.V., Mikhailov, Yu.A. Theory of heat and mass transfer / M.-L.: Gosenergoizdat, 1963, 536 p. [Teoriya teplo- i massoperenosa. –M.-L.: Gosenergoizdat, 1963. – 536 s.]
11. Lykov, A.V. Theory of thermal conductivity / Moscow:Higher School, 1967, 600 p. [Teoriya teploprovodnosti. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1967. – 600 s.]
12. Komarov, V.D. Hydrological analysis and forecast of spring flood of lowland rivers / L.: Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1955, 304 p. [Gidrologicheskij analiz i prognoz vesennego polovod’ya ravninnyh rek. – L.: Gidrometioizdat, 1955, – 304 s.]
13. Shultz, V.L. Snow melting in the mountains of Central Asia / Publishing house of Akad.sciences Uz. SSR, 1956, 352 p. [Tayanie snegov v gorah Srednej Azii. Izd-vo Akad.nauk Uz. SSR,1956. – 352 s.]
14. Kuzmin, P.P. The process of melting snow cover / L.: Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1961, 348 p. [Process tayaniya snezhnogo pokrova. – L.: Gidrometioizdat, 1961, – 348 s.]
15. Abels, G.F. The daily course of temperature and the determination of the relationship between the thermal conductivity of snow and its density / SPb.; type. Imp. Academy of Sciences, 1983, 65 p. [Sutochnyj hod temperatury i opredelenie zavisimosti mezhdu teploprovodnost’yu snega i ego plotnost’yu. – SPb.; tip. Imp. Akad.nauk, 1983. – 65 s.]
16. Voeykov, A.I. Snow cover and its influence on soil, climate and weather and methods of research. [Op.] D.chl. A.I. Voeikov; edited by N. Mushketov. – 2nd ed., ispr. And significantly additional / SPb.: Type. Imp. Academy of Sciences, 1889, 213 p. [Snezhnyj pokrov i ego vliyaniena pochvu, klimat i pogodj i sposoby issledovaniya. [Soch.] D.chl. A.I. Voejkova; pod red. N. Mushketova. – 2‑e izd., ispr. I znachitel’no dop. –SPb.: Tip. Imp. Akad nauk. 1889. – 213 s.]
17. Dunin, A.K. In the kingdom of snow / Novosibirsk: Nauka.; Siberian Branch, 1983, 161 p. [V carstve snega. – Novosibirsk: Nauka.; Sib otd-nie, 1983. – 161 s.]

• Previous article
• Next article

• freezing and thawing of wet foundation soils
• water
• ice
• snow
• albedo