The relevance of the study is determined by the strategic role of improving energy efficiency in achieving climate goals and ensuring energy security, as well as the need to develop effective mechanisms of state control and supervision of product compliance with established requirements in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A comparative legal analysis of the institutional and procedural foundations of control and supervisory activities in the field of energy efficiency of lighting products in the EAEU and the European Union (EU) was conducted. The regulatory framework for the study was formed by technical regulations of the EAEU (TR EAEU 048/2019, etc.) and secondary law acts of the EU (Regulations 2019/2020, 2019/2015).
It has been established that the EU’s monitoring system, developed over 40 years of product-based energy efficiency policy evolution, is characterized by a comprehensive assessment methodology (considering service life and maintainability), harmonized risk-based market surveillance institutions, and a sanctioning mechanism focused on proportionality and prevention. Its political foundation is the “Energy Efficiency First” principle, reinforced by the integration of social aspects (combatting energy poverty and a just transition).
In contrast, the EAEU system exhibits methodological lag, fragmentation of institutional powers, a focus on post-control, and a non-harmonized sanctions regime, which creates conditions for regulatory arbitrage and reduces the effectiveness of oversight. The identified differences are systemic and reflect the different stages of development of the philosophy of technical regulation: from narrow standardization to the integration of economic, environmental, and social objectives.
Based on the analysis, recommendations wereformulated for harmonizing regulatory and supervisory activities within the EAEU, including: modernizing the energy efficiency assessment methodology in line with modern technologies; implementing a risk-based approach to inspection planning; creating a unified supervisory information system; harmonizing sanctions; and initiating a discussion on incorporating the social aspects of energy efficiency into the Union’s political agenda.
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• state control
• supervision
• energy efficiency
• lighting products
• technical regulation
• Eurasian Economic Union
• European Union
• comparative legal analysis
• market surveillance
• energy poverty